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Understanding Glucose: Properties, Isomers, and Bonding, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Biological Systems

Information on the structure, properties, and bonding of glucose, a simple sugar with a formula of C6H12O6. It discusses the different forms of glucose, including D-glucose, L-glucose, α-D-glucose, and β-D-glucose, and their distinguishing features. The document also explains the concept of isomers and the cyclical form of glucose in solution. Additionally, it covers the glycosidic bond, which links two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide, and the process of dehydration synthesis, which creates the glycosidic bond.

What you will learn

  • What is the process of dehydration synthesis?
  • What are the distinguishing features of D-glucose?
  • What is the chemical formula of glucose?
  • What is an isomer?
  • How is glucose linked to form a disaccharide?

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

jeny
jeny 🇺🇸

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1. 12C What information is this giving us?
That it is a carbon atom with a mass of 12 amu.
2. What 3 properties allow water to be able to stabilise cell
temperature?
Its heat capacity, latent heat of evaporation and latent heat of
fusion
3. What is the pH scale?
A logarithmic scale showing the concentration of H+ ions in
solution
4. Name 4 types of chemical bonds.
Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds, Hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals
interactions
QUIZ
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Download Understanding Glucose: Properties, Isomers, and Bonding and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Biological Systems in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. 12 C What information is this giving us?

That it is a carbon atom with a mass of 12 amu.

  1. What 3 properties allow water to be able to stabilise cell temperature?

Its heat capacity, latent heat of evaporation and latent heat of fusion

  1. What is the pH scale?

A logarithmic scale showing the concentration of H+ ions in solution

  1. Name 4 types of chemical bonds.

Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds, Hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals interactions

QUIZ

Lesson 2 – Carbohydrates

Glucose – Straight Chain Form

Distinguishing features of glucose:

  1. Six carbons
  2. Carbonyl group

at the terminus

(C=O)

Isomers

An isomer is a molecule that has the same chemical

formula but a different structural formula.

In biological systems glucose is usually in the D form with the C5,4 and 2 OH groups projecting to the right.

4 main types of glucose

Use your monograph to complete the table to

show the different forms of glucose. Include

details of distinguishing features as well as

abundance as given in the monograph.

To remember

which is alpha and

which is beta…

ABBA Alpha Below

Beta Above

(OH on Carbon 1)

Making Sense of Glucose

Form Diagram Features

D-glucose

L-glucose

α-D-glucose

β-D-glucose

Now use the molymod kits to make the

different glucose types.

The glycosidic bond is created through a

dehydration synthesis reaction.

Dehydration Synthesis

The reaction between 2 monosaccharides involves

carbon 1 on one glucose and carbon 4 on the other. An

  • OH group from one joins with an – H from the other

resulting in the removal of one molecule of water (hence

dehydration).

Other Disaccharides

glucose + fructose → sucrose

galactose + glucose → lactose

glucose + glucose → maltose

Making and Breaking Bonds

Recall that making bonds requires energy.

Creating polymers from monomers therefore

also requires energy.

These reactions are described as anabolic or

biosynthesis reactions.

Breaking bonds releases energy. These

reactions are described as catabolic reactions.

Where the energy of these reactions is small

the reactions are said to be reversible.

Types of Polysaccharides

Use your monograph to complete the table.

Name Made up of (monomers)

Where found?

Diagram of structure

Function

Starch - amylose

Starch - amylopectin

glycogen

cellulose

chitin N/A

glycosaminoglycans N/A