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LEO Final| 278 questions| with complete solutions 2025 Graded A+ Pass., Exams of Nursing

University of London (Lond)Nursing

LEO Final| 278 questions| with complete solutions 2025 Graded A+ Pass. LEO Final| 278 questions| with complete solutions 2025 Graded A+ Pass.

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LEO Final| 278 questions| with complete solutions 2025 Graded
A+ Pass.
One example of the exploitative redesign of colonized economies in the XIX
century is... - ANSWERS-- Angola, Ethiopia, and Indonesia becoming producers of
coffee, most consumed in Europe
- Ghana and the Ivory Coast becoming producers of cocoa, with chocolate
processed in the Western World
- The ban imposed by the British Empire on spinning wheels in India
The course book's Chapter 3 mentions the difficulty in addressing human needs in
an equitable way. This is because several questions need to be resolved. One such
question is: - ANSWERS-- How to distinguish between basic and non-basic needs
- Decide which non-basic needs should be disregarded
- Decide which basic needs will be satisfied first
Amartia Sen, an economics Nobel-prize awardee went beyond the basic needs
approach by proposing that: - ANSWERS-- Two types of freedom (freedom from
and freedom of) are necessary for people to develop their full capabilities as
human beings
- A meaningful human life can be lived only if a person is free from wants (and
therefore have their needs met) and has freedom of choice
- Satisfaction of basic needs is an essential but insufficient condition to relieve
people from poverty
Which of the following fact-describing sentences do you agree with? - ANSWERS--
Historically, humans have learned to make wealth much faster than they have
learned to distribute wealth
- In some areas of developing countries, a delayed industrialization process is still
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Download LEO Final| 278 questions| with complete solutions 2025 Graded A+ Pass. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

LEO Final| 278 questions| with complete solutions 2025 Graded

A+ Pass.

One example of the exploitative redesign of colonized economies in the XIX century is... - ANSWERS-- Angola, Ethiopia, and Indonesia becoming producers of coffee, most consumed in Europe

  • Ghana and the Ivory Coast becoming producers of cocoa, with chocolate processed in the Western World
  • The ban imposed by the British Empire on spinning wheels in India The course book's Chapter 3 mentions the difficulty in addressing human needs in an equitable way. This is because several questions need to be resolved. One such question is: - ANSWERS-- How to distinguish between basic and non-basic needs
  • Decide which non-basic needs should be disregarded
  • Decide which basic needs will be satisfied first Amartia Sen, an economics Nobel-prize awardee went beyond the basic needs approach by proposing that: - ANSWERS-- Two types of freedom (freedom from and freedom of) are necessary for people to develop their full capabilities as human beings
  • A meaningful human life can be lived only if a person is free from wants (and therefore have their needs met) and has freedom of choice
  • Satisfaction of basic needs is an essential but insufficient condition to relieve people from poverty Which of the following fact-describing sentences do you agree with? - ANSWERS-- Historically, humans have learned to make wealth much faster than they have learned to distribute wealth
  • In some areas of developing countries, a delayed industrialization process is still

observed

  • Emigration from rural areas to cities is a common feature of a transition from industrialization One positive and one negative consequence of the industrial revolution are respectively: - ANSWERS-1. Increase in productive efficiency AND
  1. Transition from sustenance (or survival) economy to a wage-based labor economy The course book's Chapter 3 mentions four forces (groups, ideologies, and social institutions) behind the resistance to unfair social structures resulting from industrialization. They are: - ANSWERS-The ILO, Marxism, some governments, and the Catholic Church The concern for social development as a necessity alongside environmental and economic development was a consequence of the recognition that besides environmental protection and the elimination of extreme poverty, the achieving the following was also necessary: - ANSWERS-- Increase social cohesion and respect for cultural heritage
  • Provide equal access to health care and education
  • Increase fairness of wealth distribution inside a nation and among nations According to Jared Diamond, in his five-point possible sets of factors contributing to environmental collapse, four may or may not be present, whereas a fifth always is. The four that may or may not be present are: - ANSWERS-Climate change, environmental damage, hostile neighbors, friendly trade partners According to Jared Diamond, the sustainable occupation of the New Guinea Highlands by humans for tens of thousands of years is an example of: - ANSWERS- A bottom-up approach to avoid collapse According to Jared Diamond, Japan's actions to avoid collapse in the Tokugawa era (early 1600s to mid-1800s) an example of: - ANSWERS-Top-down approach to avoid collapse

humans should only use the interest and not the capital stock itself

  • The ILO's statement that poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere
  • Pinchot's statement that destroying resources is a waste, but not using resources is also a waste To avoid pursuing an unsustainable path it is necessary to measure appropriately. Currently the most widely used measure is ______ growth whereas it would be more productive to use an aggregate indicator reflecting ______. - ANSWERS-GDP and per-capita GDP; quality of life and human well-being Pickett and Wilkinson's findings: - ANSWERS-Apply to developed countries but not to developing countries Pickett and Wilkinson use the following social indicators to understand the social effects of inequality in Western countries and in the U.S. states: - ANSWERS-- Teenage births, obesity, imprisonment rates
  • Children's educational performance, infant mortality, homicides
  • Level of trust, life expectancy, incidence of mental illness Pickett and Wilkinson use the following measures to compare respectively inequality in different countries and inequality in the states of the United States. - ANSWERS-The ratio of the income received by the top to the bottom twenty percent and the Gini coefficient The proportion of a population's income or wealth that would have to be taken from those above the average and given to those below the average to ensure an equitable distribution (of either wealth or of income) is called: - ANSWERS-Robin Hood coefficient What do Pickett and Wilkinson's findings on income inequality suggest? - ANSWERS-- That only the health and social problems that become more common further down the social hierarchy are more common in more unequal societies
  • That income inequality reflects how socially hierarchical societies are
  • That the steeper the social gradient of an issue, the more related it will be to inequality The measure of wealth or income inequality that covers the whole population and spans from 0 (no inequality - everyone has or makes the same amount) to 1 (extreme inequality - one person has everything and all others have nothing) is called: - ANSWERS-Gini coefficient Acemoglu and Robinson state that: - ANSWERS-the politics of the vast majority of societies throughout history has led (and still leads today) to extractive institutions that hamper economic growth According to Acemoglu and Robinson why has it proven difficult throughout history for rulers, dictators, and kings to choose prosperity for all instead of appropriating much of wealth created for a small subset of society (i.e., their own)? - ANSWERS-- Because economic institutions that create incentives for economic progress may simultaneously redistribute income and power in a way that erodes the ruler's power
  • Because what Joseph Schumpeter called creative destruction results in change and realignment
  • Because it is difficult to predict who will be the winners and losers created by the economic growth that can be induced by institutions Acemoglu and Robinson provide three examples of extractive economic institutions in the first pages of the reading (i.e., the first pages of chapter 3 of Why Nations Fail). They are: - ANSWERS-North Korea since 1947, Barbados under British rule, and colonial Latin America Acemoglu and Robinson state that there are two distinct ways in which economic growth under extractive institutions can emerge. They occur when: - ANSWERS-1. Elites are able to directly allocate resources to high-productivity activities that they themselves control OR
  1. When the elite's position in society is sufficiently secure that they permit some movement toward inclusivity without threatening their power
  • In the industrial revolution the family lost the central function of providing subsistence and our well-being has since depended more and more on well- functioning organizations In the second section of the course book's Chapter 5 the authors mention that the pursuit of profit subject to conditions (to be covered later) can be good for society besides being good for the organization. The reasons mentioned are: - ANSWERS- Companies provide goods and services by economizing on scarce resources, i.e., they are efficient; companies produce goods and services needed and wanted by society; companies provide jobs; and companies pay taxes and employees deriving income also pay taxes In the third section of the course book's Chapter 5 the authors give three reasons for companies to be "irresistibly drawn toward the wrong form of economizing even now when it is quite evident that this strategy cannot be sustained." On such reason is: - ANSWERS-- Negative feedback loops
  • Nearsightedness
  • Separation of control from ownership According to Kahneman, more often than not _________ - ANSWERS-people are risk-averse when all the options are good and risk-seeking when all their options are bad The statement "organisms that treat threats as more urgent than opportunities have a better chance to survive and reproduce" is an example of _______: - ANSWERS-loss aversion Which of the following statements is correct? - ANSWERS-- The failure of rationality that is built into prospect theory is often irrelevant to predictions based on classical economic theory, which usually are either precise or good approximations
  • Humans described by prospect theory are guided by the immediate emotional impact of gains and losses
  • Prospect theory is more complex than utility theory Prospect theory's endowment effect states that: - ANSWERS-Owning a good appears to increase its value unless it is held for trade How can you differentiate between Utility and Prospect Theory? - ANSWERS- Utility theory is part of classical economics and prospect theory is part of behavioral economics Comparing two economic theories of human decision-making, which of the following statements is true? - ANSWERS-Utility theory compares levels of wealth and prospect theory examines differences between gains and losses In the concluding section of the book's Chapter 6 the authors give three tenets that form the foundation of the CSR and sustainability vision informing the whole book. One of them is: - ANSWERS--An organization espousing Corporate Social Responsibility sets sustainable development as its final aim
  • Stakeholder theory can support Corporate Social Responsibility only if it is not instrumental, i.e., if it is normative, requiring that the interests of all stakeholders be considered for their own sake
  • Profit should be seen as a positive force but it is necessary for managers to find solutions that benefit people, planet, and profit simultaneously Archie Carroll identified four categories of social responsibilities for the firm and classified them according to desirability. They are: - ANSWERS-Economic, legal, ethical, philanthropic; with the first two being required, the ethical responsibility being expected, and the philanthropic being discretionary or desired Archie Carroll proposed possible corporate social responsibility responses in 1979. They were: - ANSWERS-Avoiding engagement with stakeholders; acting defensively towards stakeholders; trying to accommodate stakeholder needs; or proactively engaging with stakeholders Stakeholder theory asserts that: - ANSWERS-The boundaries of an organization's responsibilities should include parties that are involved in economic transactions

Which of the following sentences summarizes the essence of a sustainable organization? - ANSWERS-- Generation of value on each of the people and planet dimensions is seen by a sustainable organization not as an add-on to its economic responsibility, but as "built in" to it.

  • Sustainable organizations consider positive financial results a profit only when people and planet are also benefitted in the process
  • Sustainable organizations actively pursue solutions that positively impact all three Ps (people, planet, and profit). The following is an example of a process appropriate for a sustainable business - ANSWERS-- Internal (and supplier) HRM policies that support and reinforce individual dignity (such as livable wages, diversity and inclusion, dedicated training, paid community work, etc.)
  • Product life cycle assessments that include environmental and social issues
  • Fair trade procurement Ray Anderson's two paradigms are: - ANSWERS-1. The old industrial revolution paradigm AND
  1. The new industrial revolution paradigm Regarding natural resources and sinks, Ray Anderson's two paradigms state respectively that: - ANSWERS-- The Earth is an inexhaustible source; the Earth is finite
  • Human ingenuity will always find substitute processes; there will be an end to possible substitutes
  • The Earth is a limitless sink, always able to absorb our waste, no matter how toxic and no matter how much; the Earth's ability to absorb waste is limited