Lecture Slides on The Genetics Revolution in The Life Sciences | BIOLOGY 206, Study notes of Genetics

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Introduction to Genetic

Analysis

TENTH EDITION

CHAPTER 1

The Genetics Revolution

in the Life Sciences

Life on Earth – Rich and Complex

Each cell of an organism has a complement of DNA Covered in Chapters 7, 8, and 9 1.1 The Nature of Biological Information

DNA is biological information

1. Ability to replicate
2. Translation
3. Diversity of structure
4. Mutability Four Properties of the “Information Structure” of Biological Organisms

A diploid genome visualized diploid organism – two identical chromosome sets homologous chromosomes or homologs – a chromosome pair contained within a diploid, “nearly identical” DNA sequence haploid organism – one chromosome set

Representative chromosomal landscapes

The flow of information in a eukaryotic cell Covered in Chapters 7, 8, and 9

Evolutionary tree based on comparisons of cytochrome c DNA 1.3 Genetics and Evolution Covered in Chapters 18, 19, and 20

1.4 Genetics has Provided a Powerful Approach to Biological Research Forward genetics - search for a genetic difference that causes a “phenotypic” difference Mutation to gene discovery to DNA sequence and function Reverse genetics - search for a genetic difference that causes a “phenotypic” difference Gene (DNA sequence) to mutation to function

Some organisms used as models in genetic research 1.5 Model Organisms Have been Crucial in the Genetics Revolution

Nikhil et al., Dissecting Therapeutic Resistance to RAF Inhibition in Melanoma by Tumor Genomic Profiling. 2011. J. Clin. Oncol. 29: 3085-3096. A 38 yr old man with BRAF- mutant melanoma and subcutaneous metastatic deposits. (A) before treatment with PLX4032, (B) after 15 weeks of therapy with PLX4032, and (C) relapse after 23 weeks of PLX4032 = targeted cancer therapy drug. therapy