The Frankish Kingdoms
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Lecture Slides on The Frankish Kingdoms under the carolingians |, Study notes of Humanities
Material Type: Notes; Class: Humanities; Subject: Humanities; University: Santa Fe Community College; Term: Forever 1989;
Typology: Study notes
2009/2010
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The Frankish Kingdoms
Frankish kingdoms
- (^) area covering parts of today's Germany and France
- (^) 5th to the 9th century
- (^) frank meant "free" in the Frankish language
- (^) two dynasties of leaders:
- (^) Merovingians and then the Carolingians
MEROVINGIANS
- (^) "long-haired kings"
- (^) Aetius
- (^) invasion by the Huns
- (^) Merovech
- (^) The Merovingian dynasty owes its name to Merovech
- (^) Childeric I
- (^) reigned about 457-
- (^) Victories against the Visigoths, Saxons and Alamanni
CLOVIS
- (^) Childeric's son
- (^) consolidated the various Frankish kingdoms in Gaul and the Rhineland
- (^) defeating Syagrius in 486
- (^) won the Battle of Tolbiac against the Alamanni in 496
- (^) defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Vouillé (507)
- (^) conversion to Christianity
- (^) Sources From the Past: Gregory of Tours on the Conversion of Clovis The Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe “And the king was the first to be baptized by the bishop… And so the king confessed all-powerful God in the Trinity were baptized in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and was anointed with the holy ointment with the sign of the cross of Christ. And of his army more than 3,000 were baptized.” - History of the Franks
Merovingian Society
- (^) Disruptions to trade occurred
- (^) localized and fragmented society
- (^) Literacy practically disappeared
- (^) Germanic practice of dividing their lands among their sons
- (^) the kingdom was conceived of as a single realm ruled collectively by several kings
The Rise of the Feudal Age
- (^) The Merovingian kings appointed counts
- (^) defense, administration, and the judgement of disputes
- (^) The counts had to provide armies
- (^) enlisted them from their subordinates who were named knights
- (^) endowed with land in return for service
- (^) These armies were subject to the king's call for military support
- (^) The counts paid no money to the king
- (^) The king was expected to support himself with the products of his private, or royal, domain
- (^) The system developed in time to feudalism
Mayor of the Palace
- (^) Kings
- (^) ceased to wield effective political authority and had become symbolic figures
- (^) began to allot more and more day-to-day administration to a powerful official in their household called the maior domo
- (^) Mayor of the Palace
- (^) In each Frankish kingdom
- (^) served as the chief officer of state
- (^) Later became hereditary
- (^) Soon the Mayors were the real military and political leaders of the Frankish kingdom.
The Fall of the Merovingians
- (^) Weak Kings
- (^) Underaged
- (^) Symbolic
- (^) Pippin reigned as an elected king.
- (^) Mayor Pippin III
- (^) Charles Martel’s son
- (^) gathered support among Frankish nobles for a change in dynasty.
- (^) Childeric III
- (^) the last Merovingian King
- (^) was deposed in 751
Pippin the Short
- (^) Leader of the Franks
- (^) Coronated King of the Franks – starting the Carolingian Line - (^) Pope appealed to him for assistance against the Lombards - (^) the church sanction his coronation in exchange - (^) patricius Romanorum
- (^) Retrieved the Exarchate of Ravenna
- (^) "Donation of Pippin"
- (^) New world order, centered on the Pope
Karl der Große: Charlemagne
- (^) Pippin III’s son
- (^) Charlemagne restored an equal balance between emperor and pope
- (^) 772 – he conquered and eventually defeated the Saxons
- (^) 773–774 - conquered the Lombards
- (^) renewed the Vatican donation and the promise to the papacy of continued Frankish protection.
- (^) 788, Charles incorporated Bavaria into his kingdom.
- (^) Charles had fully emerged as the leader of Western Christendom
- (^) "Carolingian Renaissance" of literate culture
Charles "Emperor of the Romans "
- (^) On Christmas Day, 800 , Pope Leo III crowned Charles as "Emperor of the Romans" - (^) mutual roles of papal auctoritas and imperial potestas.
- (^) He preferred the title "Emperor, king of the Franks and Lombards"
- (^) The ceremony formally acknowledged the Frankish Empire as the successor of the (Western) Roman one
- (^) 812 - the Byzantine Emperor Michael I acknowledged Charlemagne as co-Emperor