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Lecture Slides on Carboxylic Acid - Biological Chemistry | BIO 1100, Study notes of Biology

Cuyahoga Community College (also known as Tri-C)Biology
Prof. Roman E. Boldyreff

Material Type: Notes; Professor: Boldyreff; Class: Intro to Biological Chem; Subject: Biology; University: Cuyahoga Community College District; Term: Unknown 1989;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/10/2009

koofers-user-4y1
koofers-user-4y1 🇺🇸

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bg1
Nuclein
1. Meischer, 1869- isolated nuclein
from leukocyte nuclei
2. High concentrations of
phosphorus
3. First thought to be a protein with
phosphorus contaminants
4. Nuclein later found to be
chromosomes
http://www.fredonia.edu/bio120/nucleic.htm
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
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pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16

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Download Lecture Slides on Carboxylic Acid - Biological Chemistry | BIO 1100 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Nuclein

  1. Meischer, 1869- isolated nuclein from leukocyte nuclei
  2. High concentrations of phosphorus
  3. First thought to be a protein with phosphorus contaminants
  4. Nuclein later found to be chromosomes http://www.fredonia.edu/bio120/nucleic.htm

Nucleic Acids

  1. Linear polymers of nucleotides, contain plan for all cellular activity
  2. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid- millions of nucleotides, double strand
  3. Ribose Nucleic Acid- thousands of nucleotides, single strand

Nucleotide Polymerization

1. Hydroxyl group of C3’ of one nucleotide sugar bonds to phosphate of C5’ of another nucleotide...

  1. Alternating sugar & phosphate groups joined by phosphodiester bonds

DNA Base Pairing

  1. Base pairing crucial in protein synthesis
  2. Cytosine always pairs with guanine, G-C or C-G
  3. Adenine always pairs with thymine, A-T or T-A

DNA Model

DNA Replication

  1. DNA makes an exact copy of itself
  2. Interphase, S phase
  3. Process

RNA Types

  1. rRNA- 60% of structure of ribosomes, sites of protein synthesis
  2. mRNA- carries genetic message for protein from DNA to ribosome, codon
  3. tRNA- transfers amino acids to ribosomes, anticodon

RNA Transcription

  1. DNA protein message is transcribed to mRNA
  2. DNA unwinds & unzips 3. Open 5’ - 3’ strand is template for mRNA
  3. Complimentary base pairing forms mRNA 5. RNA polymerase moves 5’ - 3’

Translation

  1. Translate the genetic code into a protein
  2. Activation, initiation, elongation, termination

Activation

  1. tRNA bonds to specific amino acid
  2. Bonding of amino acid to tRNA activates its anticodon

Elongation

  1. Complimentary tRNA anticodon with its specific amino acid attaches to next mRNA codon
  2. New amino acid peptide bonds to methionine
  3. tRNA released from methionine
  4. Process is repeated elongating protein
  5. Several ribosomes can translate same strand of mRNA

Termination

  1. Translation continues until stop codon is reached
  2. Protein released from ribosome
  3. Methionine removed from peptide chain

Protein Synthesis

Recombinant DNA

  1. Splicing DNA segment from one organism into another
  2. Utilizes plasmids & Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  3. Insulin, interferon, somatotropin