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Raymond Cattell was a pioneering psychologist who developed one of the first comprehensive trait theories of personality. His theory summarizes a person's traits as the result of both nature and nurture, and identifies three classifications: stability and permanence, common and unique, and ability, temperament, and dynamic traits. Stability and permanence traits include surface traits and source traits, common traits are possessed by everyone, and unique traits distinguish us from others. Ability traits refer to skills and abilities, temperament traits are related to emotions and feelings, and dynamic traits are the driving forces of behavior.
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Result of both nature and nurture Constitutional factors
Underlying causes of our consistent behavior and basic factor of personality and which accounts for the uniqueness and diversity of each persons personality Single, stable, permanent All have same source traits in differing degrees 16 in all
Possessed by everyone to some degree (similar to Allport’s idea) Ex. Intelligence , Anxiety, Self Concept
Distinguish us from others Specific to one person Particularly apparent in our interests, attitudes, and beliefs
Emotions and feelings The general tone and emotional style of our behaviors Easy going Intense Help determine our interactions with others and reactions to situations
Driving force (motivation) of behavior Provides energy and direction of behavior
Two kinds Meta-ergs (Sentiments)
Major formative period for personality Influenced by: Parents and siblings Experiences of weaning and toilet training
Development of : Social attitudes Ego and Superego Security and Insecurity Attitudes toward authority Possible tendency toward neuroticism
Satisfaction with career, marriage and family Personality becomes less flexible yet more emotional stablity
Personality changes in response to physical ,social, and psychological changes Reexamine values and search for a new self
Adjustment to loss of friends, spouses, and career Loss of status in a culture that worships youth Pervasive sense of loneliness and insecurity