Antibiotics
PCN
Cephalosporin
Macrolide
Fluoro-
quinolone
Sulfonamide
Tetracycline
Amino-
glycoside
Prefix/suffix
-cillin
Cef -
-thromycin
-floxacin
Sulfa-
-cycline
-mycin
-micin
Examples
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Cefazolin
Cefepime
cephalexin
Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Sulfadiazine
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Tobramycin
Adverse
Effects
-Rash
-CNS toxicity,
esp with renal
insufficiency.
-Nephrotoxicity
-CNS toxicity
-N & V
-Pancytopenia
-Nephrotoxicity
-Rash
-GI disturb.
-QT interval
prolongation
-Tinnitus
-Cholestatic
jaundice and
hepatoxicity
-angioedema
Black Box:
-achilles
tendon
-exacerbate
weakness with
myasthenia
gravis.
-Ventricular
arrhythmias
-Strong assoc.
with C Diff.
-CNS effects
-Hypersensitivity
reactions (stevens-
johnson syndrome)
-Crystalluria, oliguria
and anuria.
-Hematologic rxns
-Kernicterus with
neonates
-Photosensitivity
-Neurologic effects
-GI
-Photosensitivity
-Bone and dental
effects – esp in
children
-Hepatotoxicity
Black Box:
-Neurotoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-Ototoxicity
- -Paresthesia,
peripheral
neuropathy
Med
Interactions
Decrease
effectiveness of
oral
contraceptives
Aspirin
increases PCN
concentration
Increases
metformin
level.
Nephrotoxicity
if taken with
aminoglycoside
Erthythromycin
and
clarithromycin
can increase
PT/INR if on
Warfarin
Meds that
prolong QT or
bradycardia
Cipro->
metformin
Levo ->
warfarin
Potentiates
sulfonylureas,
phenytoin and
anticoagulants.
Decrease
effectiveness of
oral
contraceptives
Can potentiate
oral
anticoagulants
With contrast
agents can cause
renal toxicity.
With loop
diuretics can cause
ototoxicity
Precautions
Hypersensitivity
to
Cephalosporins
Hypersensitivity
to PCNs
Previous
arrhythmias
Require peak and
trough levels
Antibiotic Chart - Sample
