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Databases September 18 – September 22
Introduction:
Business intelligence (BI) is knowledge about your customers, your competitors,
your business partners, your competitive environment, and your own internal operations – that gives you the ability – that gives you the ability to make effective, important, and often strategic business decisions (p. 124).
An operational database stores valuable information that forms the basis for
business intelligence (p. 124).
Online transactional processing (OTLP) is the gathering of input information,
processing, and updating of information in an operational database. Online analytical processing (OLAP) is the manipulation of information to support decision making (p. 124).
Relational Database Model:
o The most popular database model is the relational database model. A relational
database model is one that consists of multiple tables that they are related (p. 127). ORDER TABLE Order Number Order Date Customer Number Concrete Type Amount (Tons) 10000 9/1/2004 1234 1 8 10001 9/1/2004 3456 1 3 10002 9/2/2004 1234 5 6 10003 9/3/2004 4567 2 4 10004 9/5/2004 3456 3 6 CUTOMER TABLE Customer Number Customer Name Customer Phone Customer Address 1234 Smelding Homes 662-329-7164 55 Smith Lane 3456 Mark Akey 662-312-4589 2122 E. Biscayne 4567 Triple A Homes 662-325-1560 1333 Burr Ridge
CONCRETE TYPE TABLE
Concrete Type Type Description 1 Home foundation and walkways 2 Commercial foundation 3 Premier speckled 4 Premier marble 5 Premier shell
o A database table consists of rows, each of which is known as a record. A
database consists of columns, each of which is known as a field.
o All databases, including relational databases, have their structures defined by a
data dictionary (p. 126).
o A primary key is a field that uniquely describes each record. A primary key must
be unique in that it uniquely identifies a record. (p 128). For example, your SSN would be the primary key in the MUW databases that uniquely identify you. Looking at the tables above, Order Number is the primary key for the ORDER TABLE, Customer Number is the primary key for the CUSTOMER TABLE, and Concrete Type is the primary key for the CONCRETE TYPE TABLE.
o A foreign key is a primary key of one file that appears in another file. You can
think of it as a pointer. It “points” at the primary key of another table. (p. 128). A foreign key does not have to be unique. The name of a foreign key must match the name of a primary key of another table exactly. The values stored in a foreign key must match a value stored in the primary key of another table exactly. Customer Number is a foreign key in the ORDER TABLE (it “points” at the Customer Number primary key in the CUSTOMER TABLE). Concrete Type is also a foreign key in the ORDER TABLE (it “points” at the Concrete Type primary key in the CONCRETE TYPE TABLE). o Here’s an example. Focus on the 10002 order in the ORDER TABLE. We know that this order was sold to Smelding Homes (because the Customer Number 1234
The logical view of information, on the other hand, focuses on how you
as a knowledge worker need to arrange and access information to meet your business needs (p. 130).
o The data definition subsystem creates and maintains the data dictionary and
defines the structure of the files (p. 131).
o The data manipulation subsystem allows you to add, change, and delete
information in a database and query it for valuable information (p. 132).
View – allows you to see the contents of a database file, make whatever
changes you want, perform simple sorting, and query it to find the location of specific information (p. 133).
Report generator – allows you to quickly define formats and what
information you want to see in a report (p. 134).
Query-by-example – allows you to graphically set up a database query (p.
o The application generation subsystem contains facilities to help you develop
transaction-intensive applications (p. 136).
o The data administration subsystem helps you manage the overall database
environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, etc. (p. 136).
