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Understanding Microbiology: Naming, Classifying, and Applications - Prof. Pisula, Lecture notes of Microbiology

An in-depth exploration of microbiology, focusing on the naming and classification of microorganisms, their roles in our lives, and their historical significance. It delves into the system of scientific nomenclature, the various types of microorganisms, and their applications in medicine, food production, and waste management. The document also discusses the debate over spontaneous generation and the theory of biogenesis, the golden age of microbiology, and the development of chemotherapy and vaccination.

Typology: Lecture notes

2023/2024

Uploaded on 02/18/2024

kevindanger08
kevindanger08 🇺🇸

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An Invisible World
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Download Understanding Microbiology: Naming, Classifying, and Applications - Prof. Pisula and more Lecture notes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!

An Invisible World

Chapters 1 & 3

Outline

  • Microbes in Our Lives
  • Naming and Classifying Microbes
  • Survey of Microbes
  • A Brief History of Microbiology
  • Modern Applications for Microbiology

Normal Intestinal Bacteria

Knowledge of Microorganisms:

  • Knowledgeable of microbes humans are able to: - Prevent food spoilage - Prevent disease occurrence - Produce food - Develop medicines
  • Led to aseptic techniques
    • prevent contamination in medicine and laboratories

Examples of Nomenclature

  • Escherichia coli
    • Honors the discoverer, Theodor Escherich
    • Describes the bacterium's habitat—the large intestine, or colon

Examples of Nomenclature

  • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Describes the clustered ( staphylo- ) spherical ( coccus ) cells
    • Describes the gold-colored ( aureus ) colonies

Types of Microorganisms

  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
  • Fungi
  • Protozoa
  • Algae
  • Viruses
  • Multicellular Animal Parasites

Bacteria

  • Prokaryotes
    • ”Prenucleus"
  • Single-celled
  • Peptidoglycan cell walls
  • Divide via binary fission
  • Derive nutrition from organic or inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis

Fungi

  • Eukaryotes
    • Distinct nucleus
  • Chitin cell walls
  • Absorb organic chemicals for energy
  • Yeasts are unicellular
  • Molds and mushrooms are multicellular
    • Molds consist of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae

Protozoa

  • Eukaryotes
  • Absorb or ingest organic chemicals
  • May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
  • Free-living or parasitic (derive nutrients from a living host)

Viruses

  • Acellular
  • Consist of DNA or RNA core
  • Core is surrounded by a protein coat
  • Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope
  • Are replicated only when they are in a living host cell
  • Inert outside living hosts

Multicellular Animal Parasites

  • Eukaryotes
  • Multicellular animals
  • Not strictly microorganisms
  • Parasitic flatworms and roundworms are called helminths - Some microscopic stages in their life cycles

The First Observations

  • 1665: Robert Hooke reported that living things are composed of little boxes, or "cells" - Marked the beginning of cell theory: All living things are composed of cells
  • 1673: The first LIVING microbes were observed by Anton van Leeuwenhoek - "Animalcules" viewed through magnifying lenses

The First Observations