Brick Masonry: Types, Bonds, and Construction Process, Lecture notes of Construction

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WRE 214 : Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman 1

Lecture Five

Bricks Works

Brick Masonry Definition Brick masonry is a highly durable form of construction. It is built by placing bricks in mortar in a systematic manner to construct solid mass that withstand exerted loads. There are several types of bricks and number of mortars which can be used to construct brick masonry. The bond in brick masonry, which keep the bricks together, is produced by filling joints between bricks with suitable mortar. Special cautions shall be practiced while mortar is mixed and placed since it greatly affect the performance and durability of masonry structure. Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman 2

Building Construction Luay Kaleel Salman 4 Fig. 2 : Brick work in cement Fig. 1 : Brick work in mud

2. Brick Work in Cement اعمال البناء بالطابوق باستخدام مونة السمنت

- This type of brick masonry is construction by laying bricks in cement mortar rather than mud which is used in brick work in mud. There are three major classes of brick work in cement which are summarized in Table 1. Table 1 Different classes of brick work in cement and their descriptions Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman (^5) Classes Descriptions 1.Cement of lime mortar is used. 2.The surface and edges of bricks are sharp. 3.The thickness of mortar joints doesn ’ t exceed 10 mm. First Class

Types of Bricks

There are different types of brick used in the construction of brick masonry which include: 1.Common Burnt Clay Bricks 2.Concrete Bricks 3.Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks) 4.Fly ash Clay Bricks 5.Engineering Bricks 6.Other Brick Types include bullnose, channel and hollow bricks. 7 Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman

8 Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman Fig. 3 : Types of masonry bricks

Brick Masonry Construction Preparations

1.Check the level of the ground using level, theodolite or transparent hose level. 2.Set the layout of the structure. 3.Trace of building axis and wall alignment using gypsum powder, chalk, or similar, marking the trenches for foundation. 4.After that, install foundation wall, cure foundation for minimum two days before beginning of brick masonry construction. 5.Distribute bricks in several stacks along project site to cut time and effort later. 6.Wet bricks few hours prior to the work. Not only does this avoid absorbing too much water from mortar but also improve adherence of bricks and mortar. Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman 10

Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman 11 Fig. 4 : Setting out layout of masonry structure

4 .Utilize a level to examine the course for correct height. ensure that bricks are plumb and level. 5 .Place another mortar line alongside the first course, then begin laying the second course. 6 .Use the two half bricks to begin the second to ensure that the first two courses are staggered for structural purposes. Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman 13 Fig. 7 : Plumb line of brick masonry Fig. 8 : Checking level of brick masonry

7 .To finish the second course of the lead, lay three header bricks and make sure that they are plumb and level. 8 .The third and fifth courses consists of stretchers similar to the first course. The fourth course begins with single header, followed by stretchers. Use the level to make sure that the lead is true on each course. Lastly, this pattern of brick laying is used till the target height is reached. Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman 14

• Raise face joints to a depth of 12 to 20 mm so as to be used as a key for plastering or pointing.
• Brick masonry should be regularly cured for 2 weeks.
• The thickness of mortar joints shall be 10 mm both horizontally and vertically. 16 Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman Fig. 9 : Brick bat

Stretcher (Bricks)bond: ربط الطابوق

The four faces of a brick which may be exposed in fairface brickwork are the two, long, stretcher faces and the two header faces illustrated in Fig. 10. The face on which the brick is laid is the bed. Some bricks have an indent or frog formed in one of the bed faces. The purpose of the frog or indent is to assist in compressing the wet clay during moulding. The frog also serves as a reservoir of mortar on to which bricks in the course above may more easily be bedded. 17 Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman

The external leaf of a cavity wall is often built of brick for the advantage of the appearance of brickwork. The most straightforward way of laying bricks in a thin outer leaf of a cavity wall is with the stretcher face of each brick showing externally. So that bricks are bonded along the length of the wall they are laid with the vertical joints between bricks lying directly under and over the center of bricks in the courses under and over. This is described as stretcher bond as illustrated in Fig. 52. This wall is described as a \ B thick wall. Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman 19

20 Building Construction -------------------------------- Luay Kaleel Salman The external leaf of a cavity wall is often built of brick for the advantage of the appearance of brickwork. The most straightforward way of laying bricks in a thin outer leaf of a cavity wall is with the stretcher face of each brick showing externally. So that bricks are bonded along the length of the wall they are laid with the vertical joints between bricks lying directly under and over the centre of bricks in the courses under and over. This is described as stretcher bond as illustrated in Fig. 52. This wall is described as a \ B thick wall.