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Evolution of Land Plants: From Green Algae to Seed Plants, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions and terms related to the evolution of land plants from green algae and charophytes. It covers the traits that helped green algae adapt to land, the development of spores, and the differences between seedless and seed plants. It also discusses the role of fungi in plant growth and the mutualistic relationships between fungi and plants.

Typology: Quizzes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 04/15/2013

alyssabrookeex
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TERM 1
What did land plants evolve from?
DEFINITION 1
Green algae
TERM 2
What are the earliest land plant ancestors?
DEFINITION 2
Charophytes
TERM 3
What 4 traits do land plants share with
charophytes?
DEFINITION 3
Rings of cellulose synthesizing complexesPeroxisome
enzymesStructure of flagellated spermFormation of
phragmoplast
TERM 4
What traits evolved that helped green algae
adapt to land?
DEFINITION 4
Lignin- which gives extra strength to plantCuticle- waxy layer
on top of leaves that help prevent water loss
TERM 5
Haploid
DEFINITION 5
1 set of chromosomes
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Download Evolution of Land Plants: From Green Algae to Seed Plants and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

What did land plants evolve from?

Green algae

TERM 2

What are the earliest land plant ancestors?

DEFINITION 2

Charophytes

TERM 3

What 4 traits do land plants share with

charophytes?

DEFINITION 3

Rings of cellulose synthesizing complexesPeroxisome

enzymesStructure of flagellated spermFormation of

phragmoplast

TERM 4

What traits evolved that helped green algae

adapt to land?

DEFINITION 4

Lignin- which gives extra strength to plantCuticle- waxy layer

on top of leaves that help prevent water loss

TERM 5

Haploid

DEFINITION 5

1 set of chromosomes

Diploid

2 sets of chromosomes

TERM 7

Gametophyte

DEFINITION 7

Male/female gamete producing structure that produces

haploid gametes by mitosis

TERM 8

Sporophyte

DEFINITION 8

Diploid spore producing structure that produces haploid

spores by meiosis. Formed by the fusion of gametes =

Zygote/sporophyte

TERM 9

Meiosis

DEFINITION 9

Reduction Division

TERM 10

Meristem

DEFINITION 10

A meristem is the tissue in all plants consisting of

undifferentiated cells.

What are the male and female gametangias

called?

Archegonia- Female gametangia, haploid (egg)Antheridia-

Male gametangia, haploid (sperm)

TERM 17

The diploid embryo is formed within the:

DEFINITION 17

female gametophyte

TERM 18

How are nutrients transferred from parent to

embryo?

DEFINITION 18

Through placental transfer cells

TERM 19

Land plants are called _______, because of the

dependancy of the embryo on the parent.

DEFINITION 19

Embryophytes

TERM 20

What are 4 types of embryophytes?

DEFINITION 20

BryophytesPterophytesGymnospermsAngiosperms

What is a non-vascular plant that passes

water cell to cell, requires water for

fertilization, grows low to the ground, and are

seedless?

Bryophytes

TERM 22

What are rhizoids?

DEFINITION 22

Root-like structures that anchor moss

TERM 23

Moss is a:

DEFINITION 23

Bryophyte

TERM 24

In bryophytes, (A) are more dominant, larger

and longer living than (B).

DEFINITION 24

A. GametophytesB. Sporophytes

TERM 25

Archegonia is:

DEFINITION 25

The female Gametangia

Vascular tissue allows plants

to:

grow tall

TERM 32

Seedless vascular plants are characterized

by:

DEFINITION 32

life cycles withdominantsporocytes

TERM 33

Flagellated

sperm

DEFINITION 33

a characteristic of seedless vascular plants that requires

water for the sperm to reach the egg

TERM 34

What else do vascular plants have that non

vascular plants do not?

DEFINITION 34

Well developed roots

TERM 35

A fern is a:

DEFINITION 35

Pterophyte

What is each fern leaf called?

A frond

TERM 37

Sporangia are aggregated on the fronds in

groups called:

DEFINITION 37

Sori

TERM 38

What happens when the sporangia matures?

DEFINITION 38

When sporangia matures it opens and expels dust-like spores

TERM 39

Spores develop into:

DEFINITION 39

Prothallus

TERM 40

Prothallus

DEFINITION 40

The gametophyte of pterophyte (Ferns)

What two types of spores do heterosporous

species produce?

MicrosporesMegaspores

TERM 47

Microspores

DEFINITION 47

Give rise to male gametes

TERM 48

Megaspores

DEFINITION 48

Give rise to female gametes

TERM 49

What may have helped produce global

cooling at the end of the carboniferous

period?

DEFINITION 49

Photosynthesis

TERM 50

With the increase of photosynthesis, what

was reduced?

DEFINITION 50

CO

What did the decaying plants of the

carboniferous forests eventually become?

Coal

TERM 52

What does a seed consist of?

DEFINITION 52

An embryo and nutrientssurroundedby a protective coat.

TERM 53

True or False: Seed plants have a greater

development of the diploid sporophyte

compared to the haploid gametophyte

generation.

DEFINITION 53

True

TERM 54

What primary change happened as plants

evolved from Bryophytes to Angiosperms?

DEFINITION 54

Transition of dominance from gametophyte to sporophyte.

TERM 55

Bryophytes and Ferns are:

DEFINITION 55

Homosporous

At the end of the Carboniferous period the

climate turned colder and drier favoring the

evolution of:

Gymnosperms

TERM 62

What are two descendants of

gymnosperms?

DEFINITION 62

Conifers and cone bearing plants

TERM 63

What has naked seeds that are not enclosed

by ovaries?

DEFINITION 63

Gymnosperms

TERM 64

Do gymnosperms have pollen?

DEFINITION 64

Yes

TERM 65

What are key features of the gymnosperms

life cycle?

DEFINITION 65

Dominance of the sporophyte generation

Transfer of sperm to ovulesby pollen

Development of seeds from fertilized ovules

In gymnosperms the pine tree is the (A) and

produces (B) in male and female cones.

A. sporophyte B. Sporangia

TERM 67

Small cones produce (A) called pollen grains,

each of which contains a (B).

DEFINITION 67

A. MicrosporesB. Male gametophyte

TERM 68

Larger cones contain (A) which produce (B)

that develop into (C).

DEFINITION 68

A. OvulesB. MegasporesC. female gametophyte

TERM 69

How many years from cone production to

mature seed?

DEFINITION 69

3 years

TERM 70

A pine tree is actually a (A) with tiny (B) living

in cones.

DEFINITION 70

A. SporophyteB. Gametophytes

Carpel

Female reproductive organs of a flower consisting of ovary at

the base and a style leading up to a stigma where pollen is

recieved.

TERM 77

Pollen grains are released

by:

DEFINITION 77

Anthers

TERM 78

Male gametophyte of angiosperms are

contained within (A) produced by the (B)

DEFINITION 78

A. Pollen GrainsB. microsporangia of anthers

TERM 79

The female gametophyte, or (A), develops

within an (B) contained within an (C) at the

base of the stigma.

DEFINITION 79

A. embryo sacB. ovuleC. Ovary

TERM 80

Most flowers have mechanisms to ensure (A)

between flowers from different plants of the

same species.

DEFINITION 80

Cross-pollination

A pollen grain that has landed on a stigma

germinates and the pollen tube of the (A)

grows down to the (B).

A. male gametophyte B. ovary

TERM 82

Double fertilization occurs

when

DEFINITION 82

The pollen tube discharges two sperm into the female

gametophyte within an ovule, and one sperm fertilizes the

egg while the other combines with two nuclei in the central

cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of

food-endosperm

TERM 83

Endosperm

DEFINITION 83

Nourishes the developting embryo

TERM 84

Within a seed the embryo consists of:

DEFINITION 84

a root and two seed leaves called cotyledons

TERM 85

Fruit

DEFINITION 85

Typically consists of a mature ovary but can also include

other flower parts. Fruits protect seeds and aid in their

dispersal.

Single-celled fungus includes:

yeasts

TERM 92

Multicellular fungus includes:

DEFINITION 92

Mold and mushrooms

TERM 93

Fungus are:

DEFINITION 93

Chemoheterotrophs that aren't photosynthetic and aquire

nutrients from outside the body by absorption.

TERM 94

What does fungus use to breakdown complex

molecules into organic compounds?

DEFINITION 94

hydrolytic enzymes

TERM 95

How does fungus store food?

DEFINITION 95

As glycogen

Fungus are saprobic, which means:

They display external digestion

TERM 97

Cells of fungus are bound by cell walls made

of:

DEFINITION 97

chitin

TERM 98

The anatomy of fungi consists of:

DEFINITION 98

mycelia networks of branched hyphae adapted for

absorption.

TERM 99

The mycelium structure:

DEFINITION 99

maximizes the fungis' surface area to volume ratio.

TERM 100

The hyphae are a fungi's:

DEFINITION 100

reproductive structure