Download Lecture 11 | BIOL 225 - Intro Molecules, Cells & Devp and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
Key features of bacterial (prokaryotic)
cells
cytoplasm cell wall nucleoid plasma membrane ribosome flagella slime capsule TERM 2
bacterial cell wall
DEFINITION 2 Protects Gives shape and structure Resists osmotic pressure difference between the hypertonic cytoplasm and the environment outside the cell Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (amino acid and sugar) TERM 3
Prokaryotic ribosomes
DEFINITION 3 necessary for protein synthesis 2 subunits composed of proteins and rRNA TERM 4
slime capsule
DEFINITION 4 composed of glycocalyx ( a sugar coat made of polysaccharides and glycoprotein) TERM 5
Problem: Difficult for molecules to diffuse
across entire large cell
DEFINITION 5 solution: break up large cell volume into several smaller membrane-bound organelles
the compartmentalization of eukaryotic cells
- increases chemical rxn efficiency 2. separates incompatible chemical regions 3. groups enzymes and substrates together TERM 7
the nucleus
DEFINITION 7 loosely and densely packed sections of chromosomes contains nucleolus: site of ribosome assembly nuclear envelope- double lipid bilayer that encloses genetic information TERM 8
cytoplasm
DEFINITION 8 everything inside the plasma membrane, including the nucleus cytosol= fluid portion TERM 9
the endomembrane
system
DEFINITION 9 smooth and rough ER and the golgi apparatus primary center for lipid and protein synthesis TERM 10
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
DEFINITION 10 continuous with the nuclear envelope ribosomes attached as proteins are made they move inside the roughER where they are folded and otherwise modified
mitochondria
primary function is ATP production grows and divides independently has a double membrane (inner membrane=cristae) contains mitochondrial DNA TERM 17
chloroplasts
DEFINITION 17 contain everything required to convert light energy to chemical energy (photosynthesis) present in most plants and algal cells grow and divide independently have a double membrane contain chloroplast DNA TERM 18
cytoskeleton
DEFINITION 18 gives the cell shape and aids cell movement and transport of materials within the cell TERM 19
cell wall
DEFINITION 19 fungi, algae, and plants all have a stiff outer coating that protects the cell
