Download Learning Common Ions: Understanding Cations and Anions and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
LEARNING THE COMMON IONS
Positive ions (cations) Negative ions (anions)
1+ 1- Ammonium (NH 4 +) Acetate (C 2 H 3 O 2 - ) Cesium (Cs+) Azide (N 3 - ) Copper (I) or cuprous (Cu+) Bromide (Br-) Hydrogen (H+) Chlorate (ClO 3 - ) Lithium (Li+) Chloride (Cl-) Potassium (K+) Cyanide (CN-) Silver (Ag+) Dihydrogen phosphate (H 2 PO 4 - ) Sodium (Na+) Fluoride (F-) Hydride (H-) 2 +^ Bicarbonate Barium (Ba2+) Bisulfate Cadmium (Cd2+) Hydroxide (OH-) Calcium (Ca2+) Iodide (I-) Cobalt (II) or cobaltous (Co2+) Nitrate (NO 3 - ) Copper (II) or cupric (Cu2+) Nitrite (NO 2 - ) Iron (II) or ferrous (Fe2+) Perchlorate (ClO 4 - ) Lead (II) or plumbous (Pb2+) Permanganate (MnO 4 - ) Magnesium (Mg2+) Thiocyanate (SCN-) Manganese (II) or Manganous (Mn2+) Mercury (I) or mercurous (Hg 2 2+) 2- Mercury (II) or mercuric (Hg2+) Carbonate (CO 3 2-) Nickel (Ni2+) Chromate (CrO 4 2-) Strontium (Sr2+) Dichromate (Cr 2 O 7 2-) Tin (II) or stannous (Sn2+) Hydrogen Phosphate (HPO 4 2-) Zinc (Zn2+) Oxide (O2-) Peroxide (O 2 2-) 3+ Sulfate (SO 4 2-) Aluminum (Al3+) Sulfide (S2-) Chromium (III) or chromic (Cr3+) Sulfite (SO 3 2-) Iron (III) or ferric (Fe3+) 3- Arsenate (AsO 4 3-) Nitride (N3-) Phosphate (PO 4 3-) Phosphide (P3-)
The list of common ions may seem impossible to learn; however, by using the Periodic Table a
sizable chunk of the list is easily conquered.
Each row is called a period ; whereas, each column is referred to as a group. Group has similar chemical properties mainly because of the electrons in their outer shell.
Each atom wants eight electrons in its valence shell (outer-most shell). This is the most stable structure of the atom. Thus Group 8 A, the Noble Gases, all have eight electrons and rarely react. The other elements will either gain electrons or lose their electrons to gain a full valence shell.
The Method
First of all, photocopy the list given in class by your professor, or photocopy the list in your book.
*** Now by using a highlighter, pencil, or color coding, cross out the following groups:**
The negative ions:
Group 7 A: F, Cl, Br, I and At are -1.
Group 6 A: O, S, Se and Te are -2.
Group 5 A: N, and P are -3.
All these negative ions have the ending "-ide".
In addition, hydrogen can be -1 (and, thus, "hydride").
The positive ions:
Group 1 A: The first column is + 1 charge. That takes care of Li, Na, K, Rb, CS, and Fr.
Group 2 A: The following are + 2 charge: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.
Group 3 A: Alumninum is +3.
Hydrogen is an element that is either +1 (and simply "hydrogen") or -1 (hydride).
The remaining positive ions to be learned (preferably using notecards) are the Transition metals:
+1 Ag (Silver) +2 Cd (Cadmium), Ni (Nickle), and Zn (Zinc)
Ammnonium (NH 4 +) Hydronium (H 3 O+)
Since Phosphate is -3 adding one hydrogen (+1) would give Hydrogen phospate WITH a charge of -2.
One more hydrogen gives Dihydrogen phosphate WITH a charge of -1.
The following have "historical" names also:
Bicarbonate: Add one hydrogen (+1) to Carbonate (-2) to get HCO3-.
Bisulfate: Add one hydrogen (+1) to Sulfate (-2) to get HSO4-.
THIS IS NOT A COMPLETE LISTING OF KNOWN IONS BUT SHOULD BE A START AND HOPEFULLY LOGICAL TOOL TO ABSORB, UTILIZE, AND LEARN SOME CHEMISTRY.
Revised: Spring 1995 Edited by: Senovio R. Rodriguez, Spring 1995 Source: Brown, LeMay, Bursten 5th Ed. 1991, Chemistry: The Central Science STUDENT LEARNING ASSISTANCE CENTER (SLAC) Texas State University-San Marcos
