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CNUR 301 Latest Update Graded A+
Managing consists of POSDCORB ✔✔Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Budgeting
Followership is frequently described as the ✔✔"Upward" influence" of individuals on their leaders and their team
Mentors ✔✔A formal supportive relationship between two or more health professionals that has the potential result in professional growth and development for both mentors and mentees. A reciprocal relationship between an expert and novice
Two categories of leadership theories ✔✔Task focused leaders and relationally focused leadership
Task focused leaders ✔✔Tend to focus on the tasks to be completed or on the transactions between leaders, colleagues and followers that are required to complete the tasks, rather than on the relationships between individuals within the organization
Relationally focused leaders ✔✔Consider relationships rather than tasks to be the foundation for achieving positive change or outcomes
Emotional intelligence ✔✔Ability to monitor and discriminate among emotions and to the use data to guide thought and action
personal competency ✔✔Self awareness, self regulation and motivation
Social competency ✔✔Empathy and social skills
Lens of complexity ✔✔This requires that leaders look at organization through the lens of complexity
Leaders use this to solve difficulties by allowing individuals to develop and use innovative approaches within their work environment, rather than providing specific directions ✔✔Good enough vision
The leader is aware of the different formal and informal networks that influence the behaviour of staff ✔✔Shadow systems
They are sensitive to the requirements of others and endeavour to realign the existing organizational culture with a new vision.
Feminist leadership ✔✔Founded on the principles of transformational leadership
Further emphasizes an ethic of care expressed through the use of collaborative, relational skills and the development of gender equitable and empowering organizational goals
Quantum leadership ✔✔A direct response to the constant change present in the complex environment.
Suggests that leaders must work together with subordinates to identify common goals, exploit opportunities and empower staff to make decisions.
Dyad leadership ✔✔Development of mini teams consisting of two or more individuals
A model of formal leadership in which two individuals with different skill sets, education and background are paired to better fulfill the mission of the organization
Task focused leadership styles: ✔✔-transactional leadership
-laissez faire
-manage by exception
-instrumental leaders
-passive avoidant leaders
-dissonant leaders
Transactional Leadership ✔✔The leaders tend to explain expectations and reward good performance, correct departures from expectations and finally attempt to prevent future problems can prove useful in fast-paced and high stress environments, such as the ER.
laissez-faire leadership ✔✔Leaders who refuse to take responsibility and who are not concerned about organizational outcomes or follower behaviours, may have detrimental effects upon an organization
Manage by exception ✔✔Focus on providing correction when tasks are not completed appropriately
Instrumental leaders ✔✔They focus on strategy and expedition of work outcomes rather than on making values-based decisions
Values ✔✔Are developed to assist with the achievement of the vision and mission and provide strategic guidelines for decision making, both internally and externally by the members of the organization
Delegation of care ✔✔Refers to the transfer of responsibility for a task when it is not part of the scope of practice or scope of employment of the care provider
ONLY THE TASK CAN BE DELEGATED
This accountability requires the RN to monitor the performance and completion of the delegated tasks.
Physicia to RN
RN to the unregulated care provider
Why was delegation of care created? ✔✔Is one recent solution to the issues of our rapidly changing complex adaptive health care system.
Assignment occurs when ✔✔The required care calls within the scope of practice
Quality Management ✔✔The philosophy of a health care culture that emphasizes patient satisfaction, innovation and employee involvement
Quality Assurance (QA) ✔✔Refers to the regular monitoring and evaluation of services to ensure that they meet the established standards of practice
Quality Improvement (QI) ✔✔Refers to the ongoing work required to support optimum health for patients through continued review and region of processes and procedures according to best practice
Magnet Hospitals ✔✔Higher percentages of satisfied RNs
Lower RN turnover and vacancy
Improved clinical outcomes
Improved patient satisfaction
Patient outcomes and magnet hospitals ✔✔Improved patient outcomes were a direct positive outcome of the organizational reform of the nurses work environment
staffing improved patient outcomes
Advocacy ✔✔Involves engaging others, exercising voice and mobilizing evidence to influence policy and practice it.
Paternalism ✔✔Intentional overriding of one persons known preferences or actions by another person, where that person justifies the action with the goal of benefiting or avoiding harm to the person whose will is over written
Empower ✔✔To give official authority or legal power to or to promote the self actualization or influence of
Structural Empowerment consists of 4 dimensions ✔✔Employees of an organization have structural empowerment when they have access to:
1)opportunities
2)information
3)resources such as equipment, supplies and staffing required to carry out their daily work
4)support
Components of psychological empowerment include ✔✔1)meaning
2)competence
3)self determination
- impact
Four main theoretical areas of critical social theory ✔✔Theory of false consciousness
Theory of crisis
Theory of education
Theory of transformative action
Critical Social Theory ✔✔Is important to nurses who are involved in caring relationships with patients where the communication is from the nurse to the patient
Examples of critical social theories ✔✔Critical race theory
Queer theory
Feminist theory
Oppressed groups
How can critical social theory assist nurses (oppressed group example) ✔✔Help gain insight into their behaviour through reflection and education
Telenursing ✔✔Assists the care providers to overcome difficulties raised by geographical distance and transport problems
Reflective Practice ✔✔The ability to examine actions and experiences with the outcome of developing practice and enhancing clinical knowledge. Benefits both the nurse and the client
Shared leadership ✔✔Within a framework of team- and collaboration- based practice, inter professional leadership is a ____________
Appreciative Inquiry (AI) ✔✔Reinforces positive actions, focusing on learning from successes and on what is working well in order to bring the desired future into being.
Is a method of positive change
Appreciative Inquiry (AI) provides opportunities for individual voice through a four phase process ✔✔Discovery
Dream
Design
Destiny
Discovery stage ✔✔Where individuals identify and share the best of what exists
The group got to know one another and positive relationships were developing
Dream stage ✔✔Where the imagines what could be and creates a shared vision of the best possible future outside the traditional boundaries of what was done in the past
Design stage ✔✔Where plans are made about what the organization needs to do in order to get where they want
Destiny stage ✔✔Where the group translates into action steps and commits to implementation and evaluation of the new design of changes
Change agent ✔✔An individual who has formal or informal legitimate power and whose purpose is to direct and guide change
Change theories can be ✔✔Liner and non-linear
Often most difficult stage due to the fact that there is a level of uncertainty and fear associated with change
Refreezing stage ✔✔Third stage
Involves establishing the change as anew habit
Success at this stage will create a new equilibrium state known to be the new norm or higher level of performance expectation
The seven steps of the planned change model include: ✔✔Diagnosing the problem
Assessing the motivation and capacity for change
Assessing the resources and motivation of the change agent
Establishing change objectives and strategies
Determine the role of the change agent
Maintaining the change
Gradually terminating the helping relationship as the change becomes part of the organizational culture
The six phases of Havelocks model: ✔✔1. Building a relation
- Diagnosing the problem
- Acquire resources for change
- Selecting a pathway for the solution
- Establish and accept change
- Maintenance and separation
Rogers theory five stages ✔✔1. Knowledge
- Persuasion
- Decision
- Implementation
- Confirmation
Innovators ✔✔Willing to take risks
Enthusiastic and thrive for change
Early adopters ✔✔They are cautious in their adoption of change
Early majority ✔✔Take significantly longer time to adopt an innovation as compared to the innovators and early adopters
Providing psychological safety
The medicine wheel as a change model ✔✔Holistic set of beliefs encompassing the mind, body, emotions, and spirit
The medicine wheel guides healthy change and can be individualized to the specific needs of the client or community
Change coach ✔✔Uses coaching behaviours that include guidance, facilitation and inspiration
Class model developed by Bennie, Benne and Chinn including three strategies used to facilitate change. The characteristics of the change agent and the amount of resistance encountered will determine which of the following should be used ✔✔1. Power coercive
- Empirical rational
- Normative reeducative
Power coercive ✔✔Strategies are based on the application of power through legitimate authority
Little effort is used by the nurse to leader to enforce change
Can be used when change is critical, time is limited, there are high levels of resistance and there may be little or no chance of reaching organizational consensus
Empirical-rational strategy ✔✔Assume providing knowledge is the most powerful requirement for change
It can work well if the change is perceived as reasonable or beneficial for individuals
Normative-reeducative strategies ✔✔Assumes that individuals act in accordance with social norms and values that influence their acceptance of change
The nurse focuses on individuals behavioural motivators
Leadership structures: First level ✔✔First Nation community
Leadership structure: second level ✔✔Tribal council
Leadership structure: third level ✔✔Regional or provincial
Leadership structure: fourth level ✔✔National
