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LANHAM EMT CH 8 EXAM WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
A patient who has lost one liter of blood is conscious with a patent airway, but her extremities are pale and cold to the touch. Vital signs are as follows: pulse
--._ is 130, respirations are 22 breaths/min and adequate, blood pressure is 74/ mmHg, and SpO2 is 95% on room air. What is most needed by this patient to increase perfusion to the cells - ANSWER Increased number of red blood cells and plasma volume
What blood pressure change as most likely to cause left ventricular failure - ANSWER Chronically elevated diastolic pressure between 120 and 140 mmHg
A chronically elevated aftertoad increases the patient's chance for developing which pathological condition - ANSWER Heart failure
What is the primary stimulus to breathe in human beings without pulmonary diseases - ANSWER Level of CO2 in the body
Which condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the cell to the bloodstream - ANSWER The perfusing blood must be low in carbon dioxide
An unresponsive patient with a pulse is breathing with very shallow respirations at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which intervention would be most beneficial for this patient? - ANSWER Positive pressure ventilation with a rate of 12 breaths/min and a tidal volume of 500 ml
A patient who is hypoxic has a pulmonary disease that involves low lung compliance. With this condition, you realize that: - ANSWER Ventilation with a bag-valve mask will likely require more effort
Which statement about the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in a healthy person is true - ANSWER The upper portion of the lungs has wasted ventilation
A patient with a temperature of 105.4 °F is experiencing systemic vasodilation. Which finding would be consistent with this condition - ANSWER Decreased blood pressure
What definition best describes the concept of afterload - ANSWER Pressure that the left ventricle must pump blood against to open the aortic valve
What is baroreceptors' role in the body - ANSWER Monitor the blood pressure
A patient is hemorrhaging internally within his colon, which in turn is impairing perfusion to the cells of his body. Aside from the bleeding, the patient has no other problems. In this scenario, the problem impairing adequate perfusion would be: - ANSWER Decreased blood volume
A young patient is experiencing epiglottitis. He is working hard to breathe, has stridorous respirations, and is extremely hypoxic. His skin is cyanotic and his pulse is rapid but strong. What is the most likely cause (not result) of the poor delivery of oxygen to the cells? - ANSWER Partial occlusion of the airway
What is the best description of minute ventilation? - ANSWER Amount of air moved into and out of the lungs in 1 minute
A patient"s brain cells are undergoing anaerobic metabolism. As a result, those cells - ANSWER Are becoming dysfunctional in an environment that is increasingly acidic
A 100-kilogram patient with a 500-milliliter tidal volume, breathing 16 times each minute, would have a minute ventilation of how many milliliters - ANSWER 8000 ml
A patient's lungs are full of fluid and cannot transfer oxygen to the blood. As a result, she is undergoing anaerobic metabolism. She has a decreased level of consciousness with a patent upper airway and inadequate respirations. Her pulse is rapid and weak.
Which situation would most likely cause a patient to have a simple episode of syncope (fainting) - ANSWER Parasympathetic stimulation
You and the critical care transport team are taking a critically ill patient to another hospital. Among many IV infusions and monitors, the patient is also on a ventilator. You note that the FDO2 is set at 0.50. What does this mean - ANSWER The provided oxygen concentration is set at 50 percent
Assessment of a hypoxic patient who is showing signs of fatigue and has a history of lung disease reveals him to be using well-developed accessory muscles to exhale. As an EMT, you should recognize that the patient - ANSWER Is using energy to exhale and is in danger of respiratory failure if hypoxia continues
For a patient who relies on the hypoxic drive to breathe, the respiratory rate will increase when - ANSWER 02 levels decrease
The EMT is administering oxygen at 95% through a nonrebreather face mask. He would document this as a FiO2 of - ANSWER 0.
While completing some clinical time in the hospital for his EMT class, an EMT student observed a patient being administered an IV fluid with a high oncotic pressure. Once this fluid is in the patient's body, the EMT student would expect which action to occur - ANSWER Fluid from the tissues will move into the bloodstream
You are caring for a 66-year-old male patient who is severely dehydrated. How does severe dehydration affect the cardiovascular system - ANSWER It decreases the blood volume available for circulation
A patient has a pulmonary condition known as asthma that results in significant bronchoconstriction. If this patient is found to be hypoxic during an asthma attack, which type of disturbance is most likely causing the hypoxia - ANSWER Ventilation disturbance
A patient with a low blood sugar is unresponsive with snoring respirations. His breathing is labored and his pulse is rapid and weak. Examination of the skin reveals it to be cool and diaphoretic. Your partner informs you of the following vital signs: pulse, 120; respirations, 18 breaths/min; blood pressure, 132/60 mmHg; and SpO2 at 84% on room air. Which action would you perform first - ANSWER Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
What is the primary way in which oxygen is transported to the cells - ANSWER Red blood cells
A patient's SpO2 increased from 89% to 95% after he received a bronchodilating drug for his asthma. Where did the patient's problem most likely originate - ANSWER Ventilation portion of the V/Q ratio
A patient with a severe infection is very sick. Circulating toxins from bacteria in his blood have decreased his systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Which blood pressure change would the EMT correlate to this condition - ANSWER Blood pressure of 64/ mmHg
Which condition would directly compromise the average patient's cardiac output - ANSWER Heart rate of 190 beats/min
Perfusion is best described as - ANSWER Delivery of essential products and nutrients to the cell for its use
Which gas law is disrupted when a patient sustains a spinal cord injury resulting in paralysis to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles - ANSWER Charles' law
Failure of the sodium-potassium pump can result in - ANSWER Cellular damage, swelling, and rupture
Which statement is true of a patient who relies on the hypoxic drive to breathe - ANSWER The respiratory rate is set according to the level of 02 in the body
Is bleeding internally
If a patient's blood pressure cannot be increased by adding volume, then which other action would most likely be successful in increasing it - ANSWER Vasoconstriction of the body's arteries
For cells to undergo the process of aerobic metabolism, the cells require - ANSWER Oxygen and glucose
A patient who is weak informs you that she has a history of her "iron being too low." This should concern the EMT because iron is needed to: - ANSWER Carry oxygen throughout the body
When a healthy person has a sudden increase in blood pressure, what will occur next - ANSWER Baroreceptors will signal the brain to decrease the heart rate
Which condition is most likely to cause acidosis? - ANSWER Depressed respirations
What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER Lactic acid is formed
Normal cellular metabolism can be defined as - ANSWER Aerobic
Paramedics have administered a medication to a patient with heart failure. The medication specifically causes the veins (only) to dilate, thereby decreasing the amount of blood that returns to the heart for pumping. The EMT would recognize this action as decreasing - ANSWER Preload
What is the best description of the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio - ANSWER The ability of the body to exchange gases across the alveolar capillary membrane
What situation could impair a patient's respiratory status by directly damaging the central chemoreceptors of the body - ANSWER Brainstem stroke or injury
What is the protective mechanism underlying a narrowed pulse pressure - ANSWER Maintain an adequate blood pressure for perfusion
Which condition would most likely account for an elevated CO2 level in a patient's body - ANSWER Lung disease
A patient has failure of the left side of his heart. Consequently, his blood is backing up into the pulmonary artery and seeping into the lung tissue, causing the patient to be short of breath and moderately hypoxic. The EMT should recognize this condition as a product of - ANSWER Increased hydrostatic pressure
When a patient has a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring - ANSWER The blood vessels are constricting
What is the actual site of attachment of oxygen in the red blood cell - ANSWER Iron sites on hemoglobin within the red blood cell
A 35-year-old male patient is lethargic and dehydrated after working at a construction site for 12 hours on a very hot day. You obtain the following vital signs: pulse, 136; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 102/88 mmHg; and SpO2, 100% with supplemental oxygen. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize: - ANSWER Elevated heart rate to increase cardiac output
Under normal circumstances, carbon dioxide is excreted from the body through the - ANSWER Lungs
A patient has a blood pressure of 140/98 mmHg. What can the EMT ascertain from this reading - ANSWER The afterload is increased
Which statement about chemoreceptors in the human body is true - ANSWER The
A drop in blood pressure below a critical threshold is a threat to the body because it directly impairs - ANSWER Cellular perfusion
