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Laboratory Explorations in Hydrogeology: Principles and Practices - Prof. Laura Sanders, Lab Reports of Hydrogeology

Various hydrogeology laboratory experiments conducted in the esci 337 course. Students are encouraged to explore the principles of water movement, quantify results, and draw diagrams or graphs. Experiments include transferring water between buckets, draining water from sediment, observing capillary action, and investigating darcy's discovery. Rules for each experiment are provided.

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Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/04/2009

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PRINCIPLES OF HYDROGEOLOGY (ESCI 337)
Laboratory Explorations on Water Flow
Dr. Laura Sanders
GENERAL GUIDELINES
Discover and articulate the general principles that describe the movement of
water and the factors that affect its movement.
Quantify where you can.
Draw diagrams or make graphs to illustrate important points. (Graphs need not
have precise measurements or scales—just show general trends.)
Use your imagination and creativity! Can you alter the exploration a little to
discover something new?
If you decide you want to use other materials, or you have an idea for improving
the experiment, please ask, as we have a whole lab at our disposal.
Clean up after you finish so that the next group will be able to work.
Be prepared to present your results.
Have fun!
BUCKET-TO-BUCKET TRANSFER
YOUR JOB: Find a way to transfer water from a higher bucket to a lower bucket.
Some questions: What causes the water to move? How fast does it move, and is
there a way to make it move faster or slower? How much faster, or how much
slower? Quantify it!
THE RULES:
1) Don’t pour the water.
2) Don’t put a hole in either bucket.
DRAINING WORK
YOUR JOB: Start with dry sediment, and saturate it. (Don’t let the water pond on
the top.) Now, find a way to drain the water from the sediment. How much water
drains, compared to how much you added? How much water drains, compared to
how much sediment you started with? (A hint: measure the amount of sediment
before you start, rather than after.) Would you get the same results for any kind of
sediment? Quantify it!
THE RULES: Please don’t mix wet sediment with dry sediment. Put wet sediment
in a separate container. Also, please don’t mix different sizes of sediments.
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PRINCIPLES OF HYDROGEOLOGY (ESCI 337)

Laboratory Explorations on Water Flow Dr. Laura Sanders GENERAL GUIDELINES  Discover and articulate the general principles that describe the movement of water and the factors that affect its movement.  Quantify where you can.  Draw diagrams or make graphs to illustrate important points. (Graphs need not have precise measurements or scales—just show general trends.)  Use your imagination and creativity! Can you alter the exploration a little to discover something new?  If you decide you want to use other materials, or you have an idea for improving the experiment, please ask, as we have a whole lab at our disposal.  Clean up after you finish so that the next group will be able to work.  Be prepared to present your results.  Have fun!

BUCKET-TO-BUCKET TRANSFER

YOUR JOB: Find a way to transfer water from a higher bucket to a lower bucket. Some questions: What causes the water to move? How fast does it move, and is there a way to make it move faster or slower? How much faster, or how much slower? Quantify it! THE RULES:

  1. Don’t pour the water.
  2. Don’t put a hole in either bucket.

DRAINING WORK

YOUR JOB: Start with dry sediment, and saturate it. (Don’t let the water pond on the top.) Now, find a way to drain the water from the sediment. How much water drains, compared to how much you added? How much water drains, compared to how much sediment you started with? (A hint: measure the amount of sediment before you start, rather than after .) Would you get the same results for any kind of sediment? Quantify it! THE RULES: Please don’t mix wet sediment with dry sediment. Put wet sediment in a separate container. Also, please don’t mix different sizes of sediments.

HOLEY WATER BOTTLE

YOUR JOB: Punch a few holes in a tall water bottle at different heights, in a vertical line (each one above the next). Hint: it’s okay to cut the top off the bottle if that makes your work easier. Fill the bottle with water, and observe the flow of water out of the holes. Quantify it! Would you expect to observe the same thing if the bottle were filled with water and sediment? How can you test this? What if you punched fewer/more holes? How can you test this? THE RULES:

  1. Be careful with sharp objects!
  2. Don’t mix wet sediment with dry sediment. Put wet sediment in a separate container. Also, don’t mix sediments of different sizes.

CAPILLARY ACTION

YOUR JOB: Investigate the movement of water up into capillary tubes of different sizes. Quantify if you can! Hint: using the dye to color the water will make it easier to see. Another hint: Use a broad, shallow container for the water. A question: how does this translate to a geologic setting (e.g. soils, sediments)? Can you invent a lab test to quantify this phenomenon for sediments? What happens if you add a little bit of soap to the water? THE RULES:

  1. Be careful! The tubes break easily and are extremely sharp. Handle them with caution!
  2. Do not return dirty capillary tubes to the containers!! Rinse them with clean, non-soapy water, and set them on a paper towel to dry.