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The concept of deviance, arguing that it is not an inherent quality of an act but rather a relative construct. how deviance varies across cultures, societies, and situations, and introduces key theorists such as Howard Becker, Ed Lemert, and Erving Goffman. The document also covers the consequences of being labeled as deviant and the role of symbolic interaction in defining deviance.
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◦ Across cultures/societies ◦ Within cultures across time ◦ Across situations
Both between labeler and labeled And historical process
◦ Definitions of Actions Why do some come to be labeled as deviant?
◦ Moral Entrepreneurs (Howard Becker) Create categories of deviance Have some stake in creating the category
◦ Versus primary deviance
◦ Once labeled, the person internalizes the deviant self-image
◦ Organizes identity
◦ “Spoiled Social Identity” Based on actions (or physical appearance) Prevents Positive “Impression Management” “Courtesy Stigma”
◦ Arnold Gehlen: humans must make a world they can inhabit instinctual deprivation extended dependency
◦ Externalization ◦ Objectivation ◦ Internalization ◦ Reification