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Projectile Motion in 2D: Experiment and Analysis, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Physics

New Mexico State University - Main CampusPhysics

This document details an experiment conducted by emily white in a physics lab, focusing on projectile motion in 2d. The experiment involves launching an object using a launcher and a wooden ball, and hitting a target with the launcher. The goal is to understand the initial force that launches the object, air resistance, and gravity's role in the object's trajectory. The experiment includes setting up the materials, launching the object, measuring the results, and analyzing the data to find the angles that give the maximum horizontal distance, vertical height, and maximum height. The document also includes equations and formulas used in the experiment.

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2023/2024

Uploaded on 03/06/2024

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Emily White
Physics Lab
M02
11/2/23
1
Using Projectile Motion in 2D to understand launching an
object
I. Summary:
Projectile motion in 2D can be useful when it comes to meteors entering Earth’s atmosphere,
velocity of any ball in sports, fireworks, etc. In the first experiment it tested this by using a
launcher and a wooden ball, for the second experiment it is test by hitting a target with a
launcher. This is to show that the initial force launches the object and air resistance is negligible
and the other force that is used is gravity. After completing the first experiment you will learn
which angle gives you the maximum horizontal distance, vertical distance, and maximum height
using different equations such as initial velocity. After you learn about launching an object you
will learn how to hit a target with a launcher and what the angle of the launch is.
II. Introduction:
According to the F. Carreto-Parra, G. Helms, T Hearn in the lab Projectile-Motion 2D it states,
“Motion trajectory describes phenomena that goes from launching an object in the air, shooting an
arrow from a bow, and shooting a rifle to launching a ricket to space.” (pg.1) Using Newtons laws
of motion for vectoral notation and the different equations of motion for direction will help
calculate position, velocity, or acceleration of the object. Stated by OpenStax “Projectile motion is
the motion of an object thrown (projected) into the air when, after the initial force that launches
the object, air resistance is negligible and the only other force that object experiences is the force
of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory.” (5.3)
III.
The materials used for the first experiment were:
• 1 Protractor with an aluminum rail and a PASCO Cart Launcher
• 1 Retractable meter (3 m long)
• 1 Meter stick, 1 Chronometer
• 1 ¾ inches marked wood ball
• 2 30 cm ruler
• 1 High stand with right clamp and small rod
• 1 Ring support
• 1 Medium stand with right clamp and small rod
• 1 PASCO motion sensor and 1D file
• 1 piece of paper
• 1 Pair of safety glasses per student
• 1 Bubble level
• 1 Wood Block
The materials used for the second experiment were:
• A rail
• High stand
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Physics Lab M 11/2/

Using Projectile Motion in 2D to understand launching an

object

I. Summary: Projectile motion in 2D can be useful when it comes to meteors entering Earth’s atmosphere, velocity of any ball in sports, fireworks, etc. In the first experiment it tested this by using a launcher and a wooden ball, for the second experiment it is test by hitting a target with a launcher. This is to show that the initial force launches the object and air resistance is negligible and the other force that is used is gravity. After completing the first experiment you will learn which angle gives you the maximum horizontal distance, vertical distance, and maximum height using different equations such as initial velocity. After you learn about launching an object you will learn how to hit a target with a launcher and what the angle of the launch is. II. Introduction: According to the F. Carreto-Parra, G. Helms, T Hearn in the lab Projectile-Motion 2D it states, “Motion trajectory describes phenomena that goes from launching an object in the air, shooting an arrow from a bow, and shooting a rifle to launching a ricket to space.” (pg.1) Using Newtons laws of motion for vectoral notation and the different equations of motion for direction will help calculate position, velocity, or acceleration of the object. Stated by OpenStax “Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown (projected) into the air when, after the initial force that launches the object, air resistance is negligible and the only other force that object experiences is the force of gravity. The object is called a projectile, and its path is called its trajectory.” (5.3) III. The materials used for the first experiment were:

  • 1 Protractor with an aluminum rail and a PASCO Cart Launcher
  • 1 Retractable meter (3 m long)
  • 1 Meter stick, 1 Chronometer
  • 1 ¾ inches marked wood ball
  • 2 30 cm ruler
  • 1 High stand with right clamp and small rod
  • 1 Ring support
  • 1 Medium stand with right clamp and small rod
  • 1 PASCO motion sensor and 1D file
  • 1 piece of paper
  • 1 Pair of safety glasses per student
  • 1 Bubble level
  • 1 Wood Block The materials used for the second experiment were:
  • A rail
  • High stand

Physics Lab M 11/2/

  • Ring supporter
  • Piece of paper
  • Wooden ball IV. Set-up: In this image it is showing the aluminum rail and PASCO cart launcher. With the wooden ball place in the correct place to be launched. You are unable to see the wood block holding up the rail to keep it at the specific angles that are given in the experiment. The ruler that is being held is to measure the height.

Physics Lab M 11/2/ After finding the median then you would have to determine who would mark the impact of the experiment and launch the wooden ball using the protractor with an aluminum rail and a PASCO cart launcher. After this you must first start by using the nob on the side of the protractor with the rail to adjust to the desired angle which is given in the table. Then use the wooden ball as the projectile. Make sure to check the top of the screw head, where the center of the U-shaped piece of pvc at the end of the cylinder of the Cart launcher, is aligned with the aluminum rail correctly, if it is incorrect then readjust the position the nob on the cart launcher. After everything is set up correctly for the angle given you need to make sure to measure the initial distance and given in the table it is stated as “𝑦!”from the floor to the level of the rail that is touching the wooden ball. To launch the wooden ball, hold the rectangular black body of the launcher, which then compress the spring until it is locked and held by a little hook with a cord. Now make sure the area in front of you is clear and all other lab partners are ready to measure, time, and launch. The person timing and launching the ball should make sure to count down from three to make sure that they are synchronized with each other so the data will be correct. Now shoot the wooden ball! Mark where it has landed with chalk. Now do these two more times using another color of chalk. If there is any reason the ball has moved to far or moving in too many different directions make sure that everything is set up correctly and retry to make sure all data is correct. Now measure the horizontal distance from a point directly below the end of the rail to the middle of the region o the impact, also measure the distance to the maximal and minimal distance. From Table 3 angle 60 may be hard to reach with just the wooden block there is an extra metal projector but make sure that nothing is going to slip, and the angel stays at 60 for each time you need to record your data. On the last page of the lab there is one more experiment and it is to hit a target with the launcher. For this experiment you need to start by using at least one meter(m) as the distance of the target and making sure that the target is level with the top of the rail so that you do not have to include the effect of the initial height. Using equation nine from the equation sheet you need to make sure you use the formula that gives the angle of initial launch. After this use the formula, the range given by the instructor and the median initial velocity to obtain the angle of launch. If there is any problem with this tell your instructor and they will assign a new range. Then position the high stands with the ring support at the range given by the instructor from above. Using the piece of paper on the ring support but remember that the equation only works for 𝑦! = 𝑦"#$%& so you need to make sure that your target is level at the end of the rail. After this ask your instructor to verify that it hit the target in function of your results so that it will be approved.

Physics Lab M 11/2/ VI. Results: After collecting all of your data, and is written in the table and 𝑦! is in m, distance X is in (m) and Time is in (s), under you are given three questions to answer, which are to give the angle that gave your group the maximum horizontal distance, which angle reached the maximum vertical height during the launch, and if there is enough experimental evidence to confirm that you can reach a maximum horizontal distance if the launch at is at 45 degrees. The next page is to find the equations, for question one you need to find one for the initial x velocity 𝑉(, for question two you need to find the initial velocity, question three it is the initial y and velocity 𝑉), question four is to find the time to reach the maximum, question five is for the maximum heigh 𝑦%(, lastly question six is for the x-distance at maximum height. Using those equations, you are given another table with a given angle and you need to fill out what your 𝑌!, median distance X in (m), median time of flight in s, 𝑉+( in (m/s), 𝑉+ in (m/s), 𝑉+) in (m/s), Time to reach the maximal height: 𝑡) − 𝑚𝑎𝑥 in (s), 𝑌%( in (m), and 𝑋),*%( for 𝑡) − 𝑚𝑎𝑥 in (m).

Physics Lab M 11/2/ of the lab, the range that is given by the instructor and from your experiment what the median initial velocity is to find you angle of launch. VII. Analysis of results/discussion: Projectiles are practical examples of 2D motion. For this experiment we used many different equations to model the motion of a projectile launched at an angle and determined the valuer from the acceleration due to gravity. Demonstrated by the results, kinematic equations use horizontal and vertical components of 2D projectile motion show an understanding of the kinematic equations used for this experiment. Error: The error that could be found in this lab would be if the three people from your group were not synchronized with the launch this includes, timing, launching, and measuring. If someone was to be late or not paying attention, then it would lead to incorrect data and having to restart. VIII. Conclusion: To sum up the first experiment is to predict and confirm the range and the time-of-flight of a projectile launched at an angle. For the second experiment the purpose is to predict the height where the target is placed on a vertical board, a given distance from the angles launcher so that it is in position for the projectile to hit the target. Understanding this lab and how projectile motion works will help you in determining how to best propel an object.

Physics Lab M 11/2/ IX. Bibliography Rice University, Openstax, 5.3 Projectile motion https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/5- 3 - projectile- motion#:~:text=Projectile%20motion%20is%20the%20motion,path%20is%20called%20its%20t rajectory. F. Carreto-Parra, G. Helms, T, Hearn, Lab 5 Projectile-Motion 2D