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T/F- Both cardiac and skeletal muscle transfer action potentials through gap - ANSWER>>False
Injecting an infected person with antibodies will protect the infected person against future attacks of the same pathogen - ANSWER>>False
What role do histamines play in the immune response? - ANSWER>>Increasing permeability of blood vessels
Peripheral chemoreceptors are able to detect changes in - ANSWER>>PO2, PCO2, pH- All of the above
Emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli are damaged and cannot exchange gas. How would this condition affect diffusion of gas between the lungs and blood? - ANSWER>>decrease conductance
Ventilation rate is important for regulating: - ANSWER>>blood gasses, blood pH and MAP- All of the above
The pulmonary artery... - ANSWER>>carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via - ANSWER>>active transport and diffusion
Which substance would be found in renal filtrate if the glomerular membrane were damaged? - ANSWER>>Protein
What effect does caffeine have on ADH release? What would happen to water in the
kidneys? - ANSWER>>decreases ADH, greater water excretion
Which of the following statements is true of the vagus nerve? - ANSWER>>- It releases acetylcholine to communicate with muscarinic cholinergic receptors in order to decrease heart rate
Calculate mean arterial pressure if CO is 7L/min and TVC is .08 mmHg/min/L - ANSWER>>87.5 mmHg
Which is the most likely response If MAP drops below its homeostatic set point? - ANSWER>>An increase in sympathetic activity and decrease in parasympathetic
Increases in metabolite production indicates: - ANSWER>>The tissue needs more blood flow (O2)
Calculate MAP from the following:
CO = 7 L/min TVC = 0.06 mmHg/L/min - ANSWER>>116.6 mmHg
An increase in CO relative to TVC will increase MAP. This increase is due to... - ANSWER>>Greater blood volume being pumped into the arteries
Which of the following affect EDV? - ANSWER>>Venoconstriction, muscle pump and length of diastole
Beta-blockers are a type of drug prescribed for people with high blood pressure, angina, and/or cardiac arrhythmia. Hypothesize how beta-blockers affect HR - ANSWER>>Slow down; decreased sympathetic activation
What would happen to MAP if CO and TVC are equal? - ANSWER>>Stay the same
Knowing that sympathetic nervous activity increases HR, which of the following
phagocytosis, Neutralize pathogen activity and Clump pathogens together for easier clean up
If blood flow was DECREASED to the site of an injury, what result would you expect? - ANSWER>>A decrease in the migration of immune cells to the injury site
If macrophages DID NOT release cytokines following an injury, what would you expect to occur? - ANSWER>>A lesser immune response
Put the steps of phagocytosis in the order in which they occur: - ANSWER>>Attachment, Internalization, Degredation, Exocytosis
Caffeine is a diuretic and increases urinary output. Hypothesize how caffeine affects ADH - ANSWER>>Caffeine decreases ADH output from the brain
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney? - ANSWER>>Breaking down damaged proteins in the blood
This is the name of the capillary network that interfaces with the Loop of Henle.. - ANSWER>>vasa recta
What would happen to alveolar PCO2 if tidal volume was decreased at a given breathing rate? - ANSWER>>increase
What are the correct partial pressures for oxygen and carbon dioxide, respectively, in alveolar air? - ANSWER>>104 mm Hg, 40 mm Hg
In normal breathing, which muscles contract during inspiration? - ANSWER>>external intercostals
What would minute ventilation be for an individual taking 20 breaths per minute with an
average tidal volume of 3L and a residual volume of 800 mL? - ANSWER>>60 L/min
Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone? - ANSWER>>respiratory bronchioles
