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Key Historical Events and Figures from 1500 to 1900 LATTEST UPDATE 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT Three Gs of Exploration - ANSWER: Gold, Glory, God—motivations for exploration. Columbus - ANSWER: Discovered Americas in 1492, initiated European colonization. Da Gama - ANSWER: First to sail directly from Europe to India. Magellan - ANSWER: Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe. Cortes - ANSWER: Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico. Pizarro - ANSWER: Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. Marco Polo - ANSWER: Italian explorer who traveled to Asia.
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Three Gs of Exploration - ANSWER: Gold, Glory, God—motivations for exploration. Columbus - ANSWER: Discovered Americas in 1492, initiated European colonization. Da Gama - ANSWER: First to sail directly from Europe to India. Magellan - ANSWER: Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe. Cortes - ANSWER: Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico. Pizarro - ANSWER: Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. Marco Polo - ANSWER: Italian explorer who traveled to Asia. Treaty of Tordesillas - ANSWER: Divided New World between Spain and Portugal. Encomienda System - ANSWER: Labor system exploiting indigenous people in colonies. Spanish Colonial Classes - ANSWER: Social hierarchy based on race and birthplace. Audiencias - ANSWER: Royal courts in Spanish colonies for justice. Dona Maria - ANSWER: Interpreter and advisor to Cortes during conquest. Columbian Exchange - ANSWER: Transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between continents. Martin Luther - ANSWER: Initiated Protestant Reformation with 95 Theses. John Calvin - ANSWER: Developed Calvinism, emphasizing predestination and faith.
Henry VIII - ANSWER: English king who initiated the English Reformation. Western Schism - ANSWER: Division in Catholic Church with rival popes. Indulgences - ANSWER: Payments for forgiveness of sins in Catholicism. Act of Supremacy - ANSWER: Declared the monarch as the head of the Church. Diet of Worms - ANSWER: Assembly where Luther defended his writings. 95 Theses - ANSWER: Luther's arguments against indulgences and church practices. Anabaptists - ANSWER: Radical reformers advocating adult baptism. Treaty of Westphalia - ANSWER: Ended Thirty Years' War, establishing state sovereignty. Catholic Counter Reformation - ANSWER: Church's response to Protestant Reformation, reforming practices. John Locke - ANSWER: Philosopher advocating natural rights and government by consent. Thomas Hobbes - ANSWER: Philosopher who believed in absolute monarchy for order. Voltaire - ANSWER: Philosopher promoting freedom of speech and religion. Montesquieu - ANSWER: Advocated separation of powers in government. Wollstonecraft - ANSWER: Early advocate for women's rights and education.
Mandate of Heaven - ANSWER: Philosophy justifying the rule of Chinese emperors. Founder of Republic of Turkey - ANSWER: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, modernized and secularized Turkey. Levels of Japanese Feudal Society - ANSWER: Emperor, shogun, daimyo, samurai, peasants. Hostage System - ANSWER: Daimyo's family held in Edo to ensure loyalty. Christianity banned in Japan - ANSWER: Feared foreign influence and social disruption. Deijima Island - ANSWER: Site of Dutch trade, pivotal in Japan's opening. Seppuku Ritual - ANSWER: Samurai suicide for honor after failure. Industrial Revolution Origin - ANSWER: Began in Britain, transforming economies and societies. Four Essential Ingredients - ANSWER: Capital, labor, materials, power for industrialization. Enclosure Movement - ANSWER: Consolidation of land, displacing rural populations. Seed Drill - ANSWER: Device for planting seeds efficiently. Factory Life - ANSWER: Characterized by long hours, poor conditions, and child labor. Adam Smith - ANSWER: Economist advocating free market and capitalism. Karl Marx - ANSWER: Philosopher promoting socialism and class struggle. Capitalism - ANSWER: Economic system based on private ownership.
Socialism - ANSWER: Economic system advocating collective or governmental ownership. Communism - ANSWER: Political ideology aiming for classless, stateless society. Zollverein - ANSWER: Customs union facilitating trade among German states. Revolutions of 1848 - ANSWER: Series of political upheavals across Europe. Realpolitik - ANSWER: Pragmatic politics focused on practical results. Ems Dispatch - ANSWER: Telegram provoking Franco-Prussian War. Giuseppe Garibaldi - ANSWER: Key figure in Italian unification. Red Shirts - ANSWER: Garibaldi's volunteer army in Italian unification. Scramble for Africa - ANSWER: Rapid colonization of Africa by European powers. King Leopold II - ANSWER: Exploited Congo Free State for personal gain. Dr. David Livingstone - ANSWER: Explorer and missionary in Africa. Sir Henry Morton Stanley - ANSWER: Journalist known for finding Livingstone. Boer - ANSWER: Dutch settlers in South Africa. Zulu Wars - ANSWER: Conflicts between British and Zulu Kingdom. Apartheid - ANSWER: System of institutionalized racial segregation in South Africa.