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Material Type: Notes; Professor: Ziegler; Class: General Chemistry I; Subject: Chemistry ; University: Central Oregon Community College; Term: Fall 2004;
Typology: Study notes
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CH 221--Ziegler
Answers to Problems: 8.1 See Text A- 8.2 The octet rule is the observation that atoms will gain lose or share electrons to achieve the stable configuration of 8 valence electrons. The reason it is in quote marks is that it has so many exceptions. Specifically, H, He, and pretty much everything in the lower periods. 8.5 See Text A-8.
i i
3 3
i i
i i
d)
2
− ⎡ ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦
i i
i i
8.33 See Text A- 8.35 See Text A-
8.36 NOTE: The answer book refers you to Figure 8.9 when they mean Fig 8. a) O-F < C-F < Be-F
b) N-Br < P-Br < O-Br c) C-S < N-O < B-F 8.43 See Text A -
8.44 a) H 2 CO
H C H
O
b) H 2 O 2
O O H H
c) C 2 F 6
C C
F F F F
F
F
d) AsO 3 3-
As O O
O
e) H 2 SO 3
H O (^) S (^) O
H
O
f) C 2 H 2 H^ C^ C H
Lewis Structure Formal Charge calculation Oxidation #s a) SO 2
there are 2 resonance forms
O S O
v.e- 6 6 6 -(e on each atom) 6 5 7 Formal Chg: 0 +1 -
(as per ch 4. )
b)SO 3
There are 3 resonance forms.
O
S O O
v.e- 6 6 6 6 -(e on ea. atom) 7 7 4 6 Formal Chg: -1 -1 +2 0
c) SO 3 -
O S O
O 2 -
v.e- 6 6 6 6 -(e on ea.atom) 7 7 5 7 Formal Chg: -1 -1 +1 -
d) SO 4 -
O S
O
O
O
2 -
v.e- 6 6 6 6 6 -(e on ea. atom) 7 7 5 7 7 Formal Chg: -1 -1 +2 -1 -
8.48 a) [ :O =N= O: ] +^ ↔ [ :Ö --N≡ O: ] +^ ↔ [ : O≡N-- Ö: ] +
9.22 The 2 polar bonds in H 2 O would completely cancel each other out if the molecule were linear, and then the net dipole moment would be zero. Since water is polar, the molecule can’t be linear.
Key Concept 11 problem sigma bonds pi bonds 9.43 9 1 9.16 a 3 1 b 6 1 c 4 0 d 5 2 9.27 5 1