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Kepler and Newton's Laws of Planetary Motion and Momentum - Prof. Harold R. Banke, Study notes of Astronomy

Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which describe the elliptical shape of planetary orbits around the sun and the relationship between a planet's time period and its semimajor axis. Additionally, newton's laws of motion are presented, explaining the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, as well as the concept of momentum and its conservation. The document also introduces the concept of angular momentum.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/04/2009

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Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
1. The orbit of each planet is an ellipse, with the Sun at one
focus.
2. An imaginary line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal
areas in equal times.
3. The squares of the planets’ time periods are directly
proportional to the cubes of their semimajor axes.
T12 = D13
T22 D23
pf3

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Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

1. The orbit of each planet is an ellipse, with the Sun at one

focus.

2. An imaginary line from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal

areas in equal times.

3. The squares of the planets’ time periods are directly

proportional to the cubes of their semimajor axes.

T 1

2

= D 1

3

T 2

2

D 2

3

Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. An object at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line will

remain that way forever, unless acted upon by a net, external

force. (“Uniform” means not speeding up or slowing down.

“Net” means the final total of several things together.)

2. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the

net, external force applied to it and inversely proportional to

the object’s mass.

3. For every force there is an equal but opposite force.