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Jeppesen A&P General: Oral exam (CCC)
Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
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Describe the result of adding a large positive number and a smaller negative number - ✔✔result is smaller positive number, same as ignoring the signs and subtracting smaller number How do you convert a fraction into a decimal? - ✔✔Divide the top number by bottom number What is the key step in order to add or subtract unlike fractions - ✔✔finding the lowest common denominator How do you divide one fraction by another - ✔✔Invert divisor (flip over the second fraction) and multiply both numerators and denominators (top and bottom numbers) How can you convert a decimal into a percent - ✔✔Multiply decimal by 100 and add % sign, or move decimal TWO places to the RIGHT and add % How do you convert a fraction to a percent - ✔✔Convert to decimal, move decimal two places to the right, add % How do you change a decimal to nearest equivalent fraction - ✔✔Multiply decimal by desired denominator, result becomes numerator of fraction (try to get closest to whole number) Two different ways a ratio can be expressed? - ✔✔ 1 - as a fraction 2 - placing a colon between the numbers (5:54) 3 - using the word "to" between the numbers What is a proportion? - ✔✔a statement of equality (=) between two or more ratios: 1/2 = 4/8, 45/90 = x/
What is meant by the root of a number? - ✔✔A root is two or more equal smaller numbers that when multiplied equal the specified number: the second (square) root of 9 is 3, the fifth root of 32 is 2 How do you find the square of a number? Give an example. - ✔✔multiply the number times itself- 4 X 4=16, 10 X 10= 100 What is a common method of making computations involving very large or very small numbers more manageable? - ✔✔Convert the numbers into scientific notation by using powers of 10. (7,234,000= 7.234 X 10^6) How is 100,000 expressed as a power of 10? - ✔✔10 to the fifth what formula is used to find the area of a rectangle? - ✔✔A=L(length) X W(width) Area of a triangle? - ✔✔1/2 X B (base) X H (height) Define Pi - ✔✔A constant that expresses the relationship between circumference and diameter of a circle, approximately 3.14159 (number of times the diameter goes into the circumference) Describe a trapezoid - ✔✔A trapezoid is a closed, four-sided figure having two parallel sides and two sides that are not parallel. What is the formula for the area of a circle? - ✔✔A = Pi X Radius squared (radius is half diameter) Define matter - ✔✔Any substance that occupies space and has mass Name three states of matter - ✔✔Solid, Liquid, gas Define kinetic energy - ✔✔the energy of motion
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level on a standard day? - ✔✔29.92 inches mercury or 1013. millibars On a standard day at sea level, what is temperature? - ✔✔59 degrees Fahrenheit, 15 Celsius What is the term used to describe the ratio between the amount of moisture actually present in the atmosphere compared to the amount the air could hold? - ✔✔Relative Humidity What are the four principle forces acting on an airplane in flight? - ✔✔Lift, Gravity, Thrust, Drag What is the term that describes the angle between the relative wind and the chord line of an airfoil? - ✔✔Angle of Attack What are the factors that cause a wing to stall? - ✔✔when the angle of attack exceeds a critical value and the airflow separates from the upper surface and becomes turbulent What are the principle effects that result from lowering the flaps while in flight? - ✔✔Lift increases, drag increases, and stall speed decreases What is the function of a wing mounted vortex generator? - ✔✔They delay or prevent airflow from separating from the upper surface of a wing during high speed flight (prevent boundary layer separation) How does blade flapping help to compensate for dis-symmetry of lift in helicopter main rotor systems? - ✔✔Flapping increases the angle of attack and lift on the retreating blade and decreases AOA and lift on advancing blade How does the airflow through the main rotor of a helicopter change during the transition from normal flight to auto-rotation? - ✔✔During normal flight air moves downward, in auto-rotation air moves upward What is friction? - ✔✔opposition to relative motion between two objects in contact with each other
One kilowatt is equal to how many watts? - ✔✔1, What law describes the basic relationships in an electrical circuit? - ✔✔Ohm's law What are the three elements of Ohm's law? - ✔✔Voltage, Current, Resistance How would you write Ohm's law as an equation? - ✔✔E= I X R, R=E/I, I=E/R If the resistance in a DC circuit remains the same but the voltage doubles, what happens to the amount of current flowing in the circuit? - ✔✔It also doubles In DC circuits, what unit measures power? - ✔✔Watts What three elements are required to form an electrical circuit? - ✔✔A source of electrical energy, a load or resistance to use electricity, and wires or conductors to connect them (source, load, conductor) DC circuits can take one of three forms or types, what are they? - ✔✔Series, Parallel, or Series-Parallel A 24 volt lead acid battery has how many cells? - ✔✔ 12 A fully charged lead acid battery has a specific gravity range between what two values? - ✔✔1.275 and
You must apply a correction to the specific gravity reading of the electrolyte of a lead acid battery when the temperature is outside of what two values? - ✔✔when temp is less than 70 or more than 90 Fahrenheit What is the reason for having separate facilities for storing and servicing nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries? - ✔✔The electrolytes are chemically opposite and the fumes from one can contaminate the electrolyte of the other
What is the name for a part of a drawing used to bring out important details and how it is drawn? - ✔✔A detailed view, usually drawn to a larger scale than the main drawing What is the purpose of schematic diagrams? - ✔✔They are primarily used for troubleshooting systems Describe an orthographic projection - ✔✔A way of drawing an object using different views at right angles to each other, such as top, front, and side view Why do manufacturers use symbols on aircraft drawings? - ✔✔Symbols are a form of shorthand and are used to convey the characteristics of a component with a minimum of drawing Describe the appearance of lines used to show hidden views, alternate positions, and the middle of symmetrical objects, and give their proper names - ✔✔Hidden views are shown with hidden lines: short, evenly spaced dashes. Alternate positions are shown with phantom lines: light, alternating long dashes and two short dashes. Center lines are alternating long and short dashes How can you determine if a drawing has been changed? - ✔✔A record of changes is listed either in a revision block or in ruled columns which may be in a corner of the drawing or next to the title block How are dimensions shown on aircraft drawings, what is their purpose? - ✔✔Dimension lines are solid and broken at the midpoint for inserting measurements, they provide a means to accurately represent the size of an object What is the difference between "allowance" and "tolerance" - ✔✔Allowance is the difference between the nominal dimension and the maximum or minimum permissible sizes. Tolerance is the difference between the maximum and minimum extreme permissible dimensions, found by adding the plus and minus allowances. What is meant by clearance on aircraft drawings? - ✔✔An allowable dimension between two parts
What kinds of information about an aircraft drawing can be found in the title block? - ✔✔Part or assembly name, drawing size, scale, date, company name, name or initials of people creating or approving drawing What info is contained in a bill of materials? - ✔✔A list of materials and parts needed to fabricate or assemble the component or system shown in the drawing If an aircraft is loaded so that the aft C.G. limit is exceeded, what undesirable flight characteristic is likely to result? - ✔✔The aircraft will be tail-heavy and may be unable to recover from a stall or spin If all the records for an aircraft are missing, how would you determine the empty weight and empty weight C.G.? - ✔✔Aircraft would have to be re-weighed and new weight and balance records would have to be prepared Define "tare weight" and describe how it is handled when weighing an aircraft - ✔✔Tare weight is the weight of anything on the scales that is not part of the aircraft. It must be subtracted from the scale weight reading to determine the net weight of the airplane If a piece of equipment such as a radio is added to an aircraft, how can you determine the effect on weight and balance without re-weighing the aircraft? - ✔✔A new weight and C.G. location can be determined by computation. (WAM) Why is control of the weight and balance of an aircraft important? - ✔✔maximum safety What is the datum of an aircraft and what is its function? - ✔✔Datum is an imaginary vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. It is the reference point from which all horizontal measurements are taken How do you determine the moment of an item of equipment? - ✔✔Multiply the weight of the item by its arm, which is the distance between the item and the datum What are two ways of determining the moment of an item of equipment? - ✔✔Measure the distance between the item and the datum or use data supplied by the manufacturer
What is ballast and why is it used in aircraft? - ✔✔Ballast is weight added to an airplane to bring its CG into the allowable or desired range Installation of several new radios in the nose of an aircraft causes the forward CG limit to be exceeded. How can you correct this problem without removing the new equipment? - ✔✔Ballast may be installed in the tail to move the CG aft How does the CG of a helicopter compare to that of a fixed wing airplane? - ✔✔Helicopters typically have a much smaller CG range How do you work harden a piece of metal? - ✔✔By cold working the metal Describe the primary difference between a thermosetting and thermoplastic resin - ✔✔A thermosetting resin doesn't soften when heated and chars or burns rather than melting. Thermoplastic resins become soft and pliable when heated, and harden when cooled Explain how thermoplastic and thermosetting resins are commonly used in modern aircraft - ✔✔Plexiglas is a thermoplastic resin used for windshields and windows. Thermosetting resins are most often used as the matrix material in composite structures Name one of the types of resin commonly used as matrix material for aircraft composite laminates - ✔✔Polyester resin or Epoxy resin What are some of the materials that are commonly used as the reinforcing component in a composite structure? - ✔✔Fiberglass, Aramid (Kevlar), Graphite (carbon) fiber, linen, and paper What are the reasons that alloy steel that is responsive to heat treatment is usually less suitable for welding? - ✔✔It may become brittle and lose its ductility in the area of the weld Give one advantage of pre-preg materials, other than saving time in the construction or repair of composite components - ✔✔1) Pre-preg fabrics contain the correct amount of matrix. 2) The matrix
material evenly and completely permeates the reinforcing fibers. 3) The matrix has the resin and hardener in the correct proportions What is indicated by the markings on the heads of solid shank rivets? - ✔✔The material they are made of, and indirectly, their strength How can you keep heat treated aluminum alloy rivets soft enough to install after the quenching process?
- ✔✔If the rivets are stored in a freezer they will remain soft for several days What is the grip length of a bolt? - ✔✔The length of the unthreaded portion How are AN standard steel bolts identified? - ✔✔By the code markings on the bolt head What is the difference between a close tolerance bolt and a general purpose bolt? - ✔✔Close tolerance bolts are machined to more accurate dimensions For what types of applications are self locking nuts not allowed? - ✔✔When either the bolt or nut are subject to rotation If the maintenance procedures do not specify a torque value for a bolt or nut, how can you determine the proper value? - ✔✔Torque table such as found in AC 43.13-1B What is the most commonly used type of aircraft control cable? - ✔✔Extra Flexible 7 X 19 stainless steel What type of precision measuring instruments can be used to measure the outside dimensions of aircraft parts? - ✔✔Outside micrometers and vernier calipers For what reasons should a micrometer be periodically calibrated? - ✔✔If dropped, its accuracy may be affected, or if the spindle is over tightened, the frame by be sprung, or continually sliding objects between the anvil and the spindle may wear down the surfaces
What are some of the important advantages of Teflon tubing? - ✔✔Compatible with nearly every liquid, has a broad operating temperature range, low resistance to fluid flow, and has a very long shelf and service life Describe the identification markings commonly found on flexible hoses - ✔✔A lay line, identification such as a Mil Spec number, the manufacturer's name or symbol, the hose size and a date code How can you determine if a flexible hose has been correctly or incorrectly installed? - ✔✔The lay line will be straight if the hose is properly installed, a twisted lay line indicates an incorrect installation How are flexible hose sizes designated? - ✔✔By the inside diameter, measured in 1/16 inch increments What precautions must be observed when deburring the end of a tube after it is cut - ✔✔The wall thickness must not be reduced in size or fractured Describe the operation of quick disconnect couplings - ✔✔Each half has a valve that is held open when coupled and is spring-loaded closed when disconnected If you fabricate a replacement for a flexible hose, what percentage of the total length must be added to allow for movement under pressure? - ✔✔5 to 8 percent What happens to the tube when a flare-less fitting is overtightened? - ✔✔The tube is weakened when the nut drives the cutting edge of the sleeve too deeply into the tube Why are quick disconnect fittings used? - ✔✔To provide a quick means to connect or disconnect a fluid line without loss of fluid or entrance of contaminants into system Describe the steps involved in a dye penetrant inspection - ✔✔Surface is cleaned, penetrant is applied and allowed to dwell for a specified time, The penetrant is then removed with an emulsifier or cleaner, the part is dried then developer is applied. The results are then inspected.
Name some tools that are commonly used to assist in making visual inspections of welds - ✔✔Magnifying glass, flashlight, mirror and possibly a borescope What are some of the non-destructive testing methods that may be used on aluminum parts? - ✔✔Visual, dye penetrant, eddy current, ultrasonic testing and radiography. What process occurs during the preparation stage of a dye penetrant inspection when the penetrating liquid is applied, and then removed from a cracked part? - ✔✔The penetrant enters the crack by capillary action and remains there until made visible by the developer A correctly made butt weld will have what bead width and how much penetration? - ✔✔Bead width should be 3 to 5 times the thickness of the base metal, and there must be 100 % penetration What are evidence of a cold weld? - ✔✔Rough, irregular edges that are not feathered into the base metal and has variations in penetration amounts The penetration of a fillet weld should be what percentage of the thickness of the base metal - ✔✔25 to 50 percent Describe the basic steps for conducting a magnetic particle inspections - ✔✔Magnetize the part, then coat the surface with ferromagnetic particles. If a defect or discontinuity is present, the particles align with the discontinuity forming a visible pattern Is there any requirement for cleaning an aircraft prior to an annual or 100 hour inspection? - ✔✔It is a legal requirement as specified in FAR Part 43, Appendix D Discuss the general precautions that should be observed when washing an airplane. - ✔✔Avoid or protect areas which may be damaged or contaminated such as Pitot and static ports, hinges, sealed areas, and bearings What are some of the more common light duty cleaning agents? - ✔✔Soap or detergents and water
What is the best way to protect piano hinges from corrosion? - ✔✔Keep them clean and properly lubricated Provide at least four examples of procedures used to prevent corrosion - ✔✔1) Cleaning 2) Lubrication 3) Treatment 4) Sealing 5) Inspection 6) Installing protective covers 7) Keeping drain holes free and clear Describe the tools that should be used to remove corrosion from aluminum surfaces - ✔✔Nylon scrubber pads (scotch brite), bristle brushes, aluminum wool or aluminum wire brushes Describe the effects of using steel brushes or steel wool to remove corrosion from aluminum surfaces - ✔✔Steel brushes or steel wool must not be used to clean aluminum because steel particles can become embbedded in the aluminum and cause corrosion What is the purpose of alodine? - ✔✔Alodine is a chemical process that deposits a protective film on aluminum alloys. This film improves corrosion reistance and paint adhesion For what reason should you avoid cleaning anodized aluminum surfaces with aluminum metal polish - ✔✔The polish removes the protective oxide coating Why should aircraft fabrics and plastics be cleaned only with recommended cleaners? - ✔✔They cause the least amount of deterioration or damage List at least five areas of an aircraft prone to corrosion - ✔✔1) Battery compartments 2) Exhaust trail areas 3) Bilge areas 4) Vent areas 5) Landing gear and wheel wells 6) Fuel tanks 7) Wing flap recesses 8) Around and below galleys and lavatories 9)Piano Hinges 10) Any area that can trap water Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as engine run up or taxiing - ✔✔Possibility of fire, esp. during engine starting, Turning props, rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas. Other aircraft, vehicles, people, and obstacles. Foreign objects such as rocks, gravel, rags, or loose hardware. High noise levels. Hydraulic lock in radial engines. Weathervaning of tailwheel aircraft
What is the most generally used knot for tying down small aircraft? - ✔✔The bowline, although other anti-slip knots may be used Describe the precautions that should be taken to protect life and property while starting and running an aircraft engine - ✔✔Study the procedures in the Airplane Flight Manual. Be sure the propeller or inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel, etc. that could be sucked into the prop or engine. Also ensure that the prop or jet blast doesn't blow into hangars or other airplanes, and have a fire guard nearby If an engine induction fireoccurs while starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire? - ✔✔Continue cranking the engine to start it and suck the fire into the engine. If the engine doesn't start and the fire continues to burn, discontinue the start attemp and extinguish with a suitable fire extinguisher What safety procedures must be observed when hand propping a small aircraft engine? - ✔✔Become thoroughly trained. Have a qualified person in the cockpit, check the brakes, call "Switch Off" before moving the prop, and make sure you have solid foooting. When ready to start, call "contact" and listen for the reply. Swing the prop withthe flat of your hand and move back from the prop arc What procedures should be followed prior to starting a large radial engine to detect and or prevent a hydraulic lock in the cylinders? - ✔✔Pull the propeller through by hand for three or four complete revolutions. Resistance to prop turning indicates indicates a possible hydraulic lock in at least one of the cylinders What is the cause of hydraulic lock in large radial engines? - ✔✔Oil seeps by the piston rings and accumulates in the combustion chamber of lower cylinders. When a piston comes up on its compression stroke, the incompressible liquid seizes it What is meant by the term "Hot Start" when starting a jet engine? - ✔✔Ignition occurs with an excessively rich mixture, leading to a rapid temperature rise that can exceed the exhaust gas temp limit When towing an aircraft, should you use the tow vehicle or aircraft brakes to stop the aircraft? - ✔✔The tow vehicle brakes should be used except in an emergency, then the aircraft brakes may be used
Under what conditions should a reciprocating engine be pre-oiled? - ✔✔Prior to starting a new engine or one that has been preserved for storage. This ensures lubrication on intitial startup. Under what conditions may automobile gasoline be used in an aircraft engine? - ✔✔Only if approved by the FAA, usually by the issuance of a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) What are the indications of water in aircraft fuel after draining a sample from the fuel sumps? - ✔✔The sample may have a cloudy or hazy appearance or a solid slug of water What FAR prescribes the requirements for issuance of a type certificate? - ✔✔(14 CFR) Part 21 What part of the FARs describes the airworthiness standards for Transport Category Airplanes? - ✔✔Part 25 What part of the Fars describes the performance characteristics that a small aircraft must demonstrate in order to be airworthy? - ✔✔Part 23 Who is responsible for ensuring that only the most current information is used when performing maintenance on an aircraft? - ✔✔The person performing the maintenance Why are Airworthiness Directives issued? - ✔✔To correct unsafe conditions found in aircraft, engines, propellers, or appliances How does the FAA notify aircraft owners of unsafe conditions that must be corrected? - ✔✔By issuing Airworthiness Directives How do you determine the timeframe within which AD compliance is required - ✔✔The AD contains the compliance time or period for completing the corrective action If a mechanic wishes to develop a checklist for an annual or 100-hour inspection, what publication contains the guidelines for the required inspection items? - ✔✔FAR Part 43, Appendix D contains the scope and detail of an inspection checklist
How can you determine if the repair of damage is a major or minor repair? - ✔✔FAR part 43 Appendix A defines major and minor repairs as well as preventive maintenance What publication might you consult for guidance when maintaining an old aircraft for which no maintenance manual exists? - ✔✔AC 43.13-1B or its latest revision What are Advisory Circulars? - ✔✔Non Regulatory information of interest to the aviation public What publication would you consult to determine an aircraft's (or engine's, or propeller's) type design and its limitations? - ✔✔The Type Certificate Data Sheet and/or Aircraft Specifications In what FAA publication could you find a list of engines approved for use in a specific make and model of airplane? - ✔✔TCDS or Aircraft specs What reference material can be used to determine if an aircraft is certificated in more than one category? - ✔✔TCDS, Ac specs What is the name of the manual that the manufacturer provides to technicians who normally perform work on the systems and components of an aircraft? - ✔✔The aircraft maintenance manual Under what circumstances is compliance with a manufacturer's service bulletin mandatory? - ✔✔When the service bulletin is incorporated into an AD (or other approved data) What kinds of publications are used by aircraft manufacturers to notify owners of design defects and product improvements? - ✔✔Service bulletins, service letters, and service instructions If you need to determine the serviceable dimensional limits for an engine part, what publication would you consult? - ✔✔The current engine manufacturer's overhaul manual How often is the summary of ADs published? - ✔✔Every two years
