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Subject Name: Java Programming

Class: II BCA Semester: III (2020-2021)

Topic : Object Oriented Programming

Unit-

OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

 Object-oriented programming language is a feature that allows a mode of modularizing programs by forming separate memory area for data as well as functions that is used as object for making copies of modules as per requirement.

 Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based upon objects (having both data and methods) that aims to incorporate the advantages of modularity and reusability.

 Objects, which are usually instances of classes, are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs.

 (1) Objects

Objects are primary run-time entities in an object-oriented programming.

 (2) Classes

A class is grouping of objects having identical properties, common behaviour, and shared relationship. A class is the accomplishment of abstract data type.

 (3) Method

An operation required for an object or entity when coded in a class is called a method. The operations that are required for an object are to be defined in a class.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

 (4) Data Abstraction

Abstraction directs to the procedure of representing essential features without including the background details.

 (5) Encapsulation

The packing of data and functions into a single component is known as encapsulation.

 (6) Inheritance

Inheritance is the method by which objects of one class get the properties of objects of another class.

 (7) Polymorphism

Polymorphism allows the same function to act differently in different classes.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

Benefits of OOP

 It is easy to model a real system as real objects are represented by programming objects in OOP. The objects are processed by their member data and functions. It is easy to analyze the user requirements.  With the help of inheritance, we can reuse the existing class to derive a new class such that the redundant code is eliminated and the use of existing class is extended. This saves time and cost of program.  In OOP, data can be made private to a class such that only member functions of the class can access the data. This principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build a secure program that can not be invaded by code in other part of the program.  With the help of polymorphism, the same function or same operator can be used for different purposes. This helps to manage software complexity easily.  Large problems can be reduced to smaller and more manageable problems. It is easy to partition the work in a project based on objects.  It is possible to have multiple instances of an object to co-exist without any interference i.e. each object has its own separate member data and function.

TYPES OF JAVA APPLICATIONS

Standalone Application

Web Application

Enterprise Application

Mobile Application