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IUPUI YARD ANATOMY 1 FINAL EXAM 200
QUESTIONS & CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+
Centrosomes and Centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Essential for movement of
chromosomes during cell division & Organizes microtubules in the cytoskeleton
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> protein synthesis
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Site of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits
Golgi apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Replenishes cell membrane
Packaging materials for lysosomes and Peroxisomes
Microfilaments - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Mainly composed of thin strands of actin proteins
tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Seal the intracellular space between cells
gap junctions - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Cellular communication use connect sans to form
Nero passageways between cells
Desmosomes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A type of anchoring junction they are a system of
adhesion molecules that can bind cells together and to the extracellular fluid
G1 - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Cells are metabolically active, make proteins rapidly, grow
vigorously
S phase - CORRECT ANSWER >>> DNA is replicated
Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, Held together
by their centromeres Nucleoli disappear, Nuclear envelope fragments
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Chromosomes aline at the metaphase plate
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Chromatid pairs separate V-shaped daughter
chromosomes move towards opposite ends Cytokinesis can start as early as here
Four types of tissues - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Neural, connective, muscular, epithelial
The epithelial layer is... - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Avascular but innervated
Special type of gap junction - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Intercollegiated discs of cardiac muscle
tissue
Absorption secretion ion transport
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Lines much of the respiratory
tract
Apocrine secretion - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A part of the gland is lost
Lactiferous glands of the breast
holocrine secretion - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Entire cell disintegrates
Sebaceous glands
Sebaceous glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Holocrine secretion
Lactiferous glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Apocrine secretion
merocrine (eccrine) secretion - CORRECT ANSWER >>> No part of the cell is lost, secretes via
exocytosis Mucus and serous glands
exocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Have ducts
endocrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Are ductless
Types of connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> connective tissue proper (fibrous )
cartilage, bone, blood
Fibroblasts - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In connective tissue, cells that secrete the proteins of
the fibers.
Three types of fibers in connective tissues - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers Elastic fibers
collagen fibers - CORRECT ANSWER >>> resist tension
reticular fibers - CORRECT ANSWER >>> provide structural support
elastic fibers - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Allow the recoil of stretched tissues
Types of dense connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Dense regular connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue Dense a Elastic connective tissue
types of loose connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> areolar, adipose, reticular loose
adipose connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 1.Found in subcutaneous tissue and
around some organs.
- Composed of closely-packed adipocytes (fat cells).
Osteocytes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mature bone cells, Live in lacunae
bone tissue function - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Site of hematopoiesis
cutaneous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The skin,
Covers the outer surface of the body
mucous membrane - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Moist membrane that lines hollow internal
organs that open to the bodies exterior
Serious membrane - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Lines closed plural pericardial and peritoneal
cavities
Three types of muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> striated
voluntary Multi nucleated
cardiac muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Striated
Mono nucleated Involuntary Intercalated discs
smooth muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Non-striated
Involuntary Mono nucleated Intestines
Nervous muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Cell is the neuron
Electrical impulse transmission Brain spinal cord and nerves
Neuroglia - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Supporting cells that nourish insulate and protect
neurons
sebaceous glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where
the hair shafts pass through the dermis
sudoriferous glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Sweat glands
Layers of the dermis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> papillary and reticular
This layer is only in thick skin - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Stratum lucidum
layers of epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum,
basale ( germin)
stratum corneum - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Horny layer
Dead keratinocytes many layers
Cells found in the dermis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells,
white blood cells
Is the dermis innervated and vascular - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Yes
function of dermis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Nourishment and temperature regulation
Papillary layer of the dermis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Upper layer of dermis
Made of loose areolar connective tissue Dermal papillae Folds into the stratum basale, forms epidermal ridges ( dermal papillae) The epidermal ridges and papillae make the fingerprints
recticular layer of dermis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Made of dense irregular connective
tissue Thick collagen fibers, Connect down into the hypodermis
Arrector pili muscles - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the
hair follicle that cause goose flesh, goose bumps,
Tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Light touch sebaceous
glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> oil glands, produce sebum
Lubricating hairs and preventing bacterial growth Holocrine secretion
sudoriferous glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Sweat glands
merocrine glands eccrine glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> True salty sweat glands
Thermal regulation
apocrine sweat glands - CORRECT ANSWER >>> In the axillary anal and gentle areas ( smelly)
External layer of Cartilag - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Perichondrium (dict)
hyaline cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the
ends of long bones, ribs, Flexible and resilient, collagen fibers predominate
spongy bone (cancellous bone) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> trabeculae
Filled with red and yellow bone marrow
shaft of a long bone - CORRECT ANSWER >>> diaphysis
Hole in the wall of the diaphysis - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Nutrient foramen, How arteries
nourish the bone marrow of compact bone
medullary cavity - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The center of the diaphysis
Filled with yellow bone marrow
Periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER >>> A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of
bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles. Made of dense irregular connective tissue Contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts Innervated and vascularized
Endosteum - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Lined the medullary cavity, also in the trabeculation of
spongy bone
Osteon - CORRECT ANSWER >>> structural unit of compact bone only
Central (Haversian canal)
Lamellae - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Layers of bone surrounding central canal
Osseous tissue replaces older Cartilage
Bone diameter grows - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Via appositional growth
Epiphyseal growth of in the chondral ossification - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Organized by
zones of the epiphyseal Cartlidge ( epiphysial to diaphyseal)
Zones of organization within the epiphyseal cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Zone of
resting cartilage Zone of proliferating cartilage Zone of hyper trophy Zone of calcification
Bone remodeling - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Parathyroid hormone
Mineral turnover of calcium
Bone reabsorption - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Osteoclasts (lysosomal enzymes)
Release his calcium and phosphate into the blood Parathyroid hormone increases reabsorption in response to decreased calcium levels
simple fracture - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Does not penetrate the skin
compound fracture - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Penetrates the skin
Loose areolar connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Papillary layer of dermis
Underlies almost all epithelial and surrounds capillaries Supports and binds other tissues with its fibers Sites infection with many blood derived defense cells such as macrophages
Dense regular connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Main component of tendons
ligaments and facia
Dense Iregular Connective Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Occurs in the reticular layer of
the dermis organ capsules Periosteum
