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Issues & Ethics In The Helping
Professions: Law + Ethics 2024 Final
Quiz Study guide
Ethics - Answer>>The standards that govern the conduct of its professional members. Law - Answer>>The body of rules that govern the affairs of people within a community, state, or country. Values - Answer>>Beliefs and attitudes that provide direction to everyday living. Morality - Answer>>Perspectives of right and proper conduct and involves an evaluation of actions of the basis of some broader cultural or religious standard. Community Standards - Answer>>Vary on interdisciplinary, theoretical, and geographical basis. Reasonableness - Answer>>The care that is ordinarily exercised by others practicing within that speciality in the professional community. Mandatory Ethics - Answer>>A level of ethical functioning wherein counselors act in compliance with minimal standards acknowledging basic musts and must nots. Aspirational Ethics - Answer>>The highest standards of thinking and conduct professional counselors seek, and it requires the counselors do more than simple meet the letter of the ethics code. Positive Ethics - Answer>>How therapists can do better at helping clients.
Principle Ethics - Answer>>A set of obligations and a a method that focuses on moral issues with the goals of (a) solving a particular dilemma or set of dilemmas and (b) establishing a framework to guide future ethical thinking and behavior. Virtue Ethics - Answer>>The character traits of the counselor and nonobligatory ideals to which professional aspire rather than on solving specific ethical dilemmas. Autonomy - Answer>>The promotion of self-determination, or the freedom of clients to be self- governing within their social and cultural framework. Nonmaleficence - Answer>>Avoiding doing harm, which includes refraining from actions that risk hurting clients. Beneficence - Answer>>Doing good for others and to promoting the well-being of clients. Justice - Answer>>To be fair by giving equally to others and to treat others justly. Fidelity - Answer>>Professional make realistic commitments and do their best to keep these promises. Veracity - Answer>>Truthfulness, which involves the practitioner's obligation to deal honestly with clients. Self-Care - Answer>>Taking adequate care of ourselves so that we are able to implement the moral principles and virtues that are fundamental ethical concepts. The Social Constructionist Model of Ethical Decision Making - Answer>>Focuses primarily on the social aspect of decision making in counseling.
- Developing sexual or romantic feelings
- Giving advice
- Developing a social relationship with clients Empathy Fatigue - Answer>>Stress generated by listening to the multiple stories of trauma that clients bring to therapy. Empathy Balance - Answer>>Being able to enter the client's world without getting lost in that world. Burnout - Answer>>State of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual depletion characterized by feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Impairment - Answer>>The presence of a chronic illness or severe psychological depletion that can prevent a professional from being able to deliver effective services and often results in consistently functioning below acceptable practice standards. Therapeutic Lifestyle Change - Answer>>Exercise, nutrition and diet, time in nature, relationships, recreation, relaxation, stress management, religious or spiritual involvement, and service to others. Mindfulness - Answer>>A way of being aware of our thoughts, emotions, and sensations as they arise in us. Self-Compassion - Answer>>Developing attitudes of caring, being nonjudgmental, being accepting, and being kind to ourselves. Ethical Bracketing - Answer>>Intentional setting aside of the counselor's professional values in order to provide ethical and appropriate counseling to all clients, especially those whose worldview, values, belief systems and decisions differ significantly from those of the counselor.
California End-of-Life Option Act - Answer>>Physician assisted suicide law Rational Suicide: Person has decided to end his or her life. Aid-in-Dying: Providing a person with he means to die. Hastened Death: Ending one's life easier than would have happened without intervention. Advance Directives - Answer>>Contains decisions people make about end of life that are designed to protect their self determination when they reach a point in their lives when they are no longer able to makes decisions of their own about their care. Cultural Pluralism - Answer>>Recognizes the complexity of cultures and values the diversity of beliefs and values. Cultural Tunnel Vision - Answer>>Perception of reality based on a very limited set of cultural experiences. Culturally Encapsulated Counselor - Answer>>- Defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions
- Shows insensitivity to cultural variations among individuals
- Accepts unreasoned assumptions without proof or ignores proof because that might disconfirm one's assumptions
- Fails to evaluate other viewpoints and makes little attempts to accommodate the behavior of others
- Is trapped in one way of thinking that resists adaptation and rejects alternatives Social Justice - Answer>>Focuses on active support and advocacy, including promoting equality and justice for under severed and oppressed groups of people. Four Dimensions of Training in Multicultural Counseling - Answer>>(1) Self-Exploration (2) Didactic Coursework (3) Internship
Mandated Reporting - Answer>>Designed to encourage reporting of any suspected cases of child, elder, or dependent adult abuse; and therapists are advised to err on the side of reporting in uncertain circumstances. Multiple Relationships - Answer>>A practitioner is in a professional role with a person in addition to another role with that same individual, or with another person who is close to that individual. Boundary Crossing - Answer>>Departure from commonly accepted practices that could potentially benefit clients. Boundary Violation - Answer>>A serious breach that results in harm to clients and is therefore unethical. Role Blending - Answer>>Inherent multiplicity of roles. Slippery Slope Phenomenon - Answer>>A gradual erosion of boundaries can lead to a very problematic multiple relationships that harm clients. Evaluating gift receiving or giving - Answer>>1) What is the monetary value of the gift?
- What are the ethical implications of accepting or rejecting the gift?
- When in the therapy process is the offering of a gift occurring?
- What are you own motivations for accepting or rejecting a client's gifT?
- What are the cultural implications of offering a gift? What are guidelines for keeping records with couples, families, and groups? - Answer>>- Create and maintain a separate record for each person participating in group therapy
- Critical issues relevant to individual group members be documented in their individual files
- Document based on your treatment model and practice settings
- Inform each party about record maintenance and who will have access to information
What is the minimum information needed in managed care programs? - Answer>>Case law, licensure board statutes and rules, and Medicare/Medicaid reimbursement What information needs to be included in managed care programs? - Answer>>- Client identifying information
- Client's chief complaints
- Pertinent history
- Objective findings from the most recent physical examination
- Intake sheet
- Documentation of referrals to other providers
- Findings from consultations and referrals to other health care workers
- Pertinent reports of diagnostic procedures and tests
- Signed informed consent for treatment form
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis
- Significant continuing problems or conditions
- Existence of treatment plans
- Target problems and goals
- Signed and dated progress notes
- Types of services provided
- Precise times and dates of appointments made and kept
- Termination summary
- Use and completion of a discharge summary
- Release of information obtained How can well-kept records be useful to school counselors? - Answer>>- Can help demonstrate the quality of counseling provided was in line with an acceptable standard of care
- Offers an opportunity for practitioners to provide specific behavioral treatments tailored to individuals who may need to seek professional assistance from their homes
- Clients with certain disabilities or chronic illnesses that render them immobile
- Allows clinicians to access hard to reach populations (i.e. real or remote environments)
- Technology is one way of individualizing treatment and increasing efficiency of the treatment approaches we use What are some suggestions for counselors considering online counseling? - Answer>>- Acquire the appropriate competencies related to this evolving speciality
- Learn how to adapt to traditional methods for effective application to distance counseling
- Screen clients for suitability with respect to the specific distance services you are considering using
- As a part of informed consent, educate your clients about the difficult situations that may occur during distance counseling
- Familiarize yourself with the ethical guidelines that have been developed to inform your specific stop of practice
- Be aware of the legal issues and state licensure board regulatory policies that govern your specific practices when delivering online counseling What are some disadvantages of counseling? - Answer>>- Inaccurate diagnosis or ineffective treatment may be provided due to lack of behavioral clues and the lack of nonverbal information
- Confidentiality and privacy cannot be guaranteed; digital technology expands the ways clients' privacy can be breached
- Therapists' duty to warn or protect others is limited
- Clients who are suicidal, suffering extreme anxiety or depression, or who we are in crisis may not receive adequate immediate attention
- Some online service providers may not be qualified to provide competent services and may misrepresent themselves and their qualifications
- Clinicians' use of digital technology introduces some complex challenges to therapeutic boundaries, especially multiple relationships
- Anonymity enables minors to masquerade as adults seeking treatment and enables other clients to misrepresent themselves as well
- It it possible for individuals other Tham the client to log on and engage in a session, as if they were the client
- Transference and countertransference issues are difficult to address
- It is difficult to develop an effective therapeutic alliance with an individual who has never been seen in the traditional face-to-face counseling context
- Distance counseling services may not be appropriate for clients with very complex or long- term psychological problems Online counseling is not a replacement for traditional face-to-face counseling, but it may be a useful (fill in the blank)______________________________________. - Answer>>supplement to traditional ways of delivering counseling services. What are some legal issues and regulations of online counseling? - Answer>>- Whether it is legal for mental health practitioners who are licensed in one state treat a client in another state by telephone or over the internet
- Clients have a right to expect that their therapist will continue to be available during the course of the professional relationship especially during a crisis situation or in times of need even when temporarily out of state What do therapist need to do in regard to online counseling out of state clients? - Answer>>- Counselors need to stay current regarding changing laws pertaining to counseling across states
- Therapists should check with legal counsel and malpractice insurance carrier What are the state and licensing boards concerned with in regard to online counseling? - Answer>>- The state in which the client resides is more likely concerned about whether its laws were violated by a therapist who is not licensed in that state
- Licensing boards have a legal mandated to protect consumers who live in their state; they do not have an obligation to consumers who do not reside in their state
What are should a therapist clearly discuss with a minor before administering treatment? - Answer>>- Therapist should clearly discuss the limits of confidentiality with minors as part of the informed consent process, even in those cases when a parent or guardian consents to treatment What are the parent's right to information or consent to a minor's treatment? - Answer>>Parent or guardians generally have the legal right to know the content of counseling sessions with their children. CA law allows therapists to provide counseling services to a convening minor age 12 or older if the practitioner determines the minor is mature enough to participate intelligently in the treatment. School counselors do not have a legal obligation to obtain parental consent for counseling unless state statute require this If the therapists deems the session as inappropriate after consulting with the minor, the therapist has the responsibility of noting in the client's records whether they attempted to contact the minor's parent or guardian, whether this attempt was successful or unsuccessful, or why it was deemed inappropriate to make this contact. Even though minors usually cannot give informed consent for treatment, they can give their assent to counseling. What does assent imply? - Answer>>That counselors involve minors in decisions about their own care, and that to the greatest extent possible they agree to participate in the counseling process How can we work effectively with a minor? - Answer>>By involving the parent or guardian in the treatment process What are the ethical and legal challenges pertaining to confidentiality with minors? - Answer>>Counselors who work with minors are frequently challenged to balance the the minor's need for confidentiality and the parents' request for information about the minor's counseling
Effective counseling requires a sense of trust in the therapist If parents or guardians of minors request information about the progress of the counseling the therapist may be expected to provide some feedback. Why is this? - Answer>>Counselors have legal duties to parents or guardians of minors (i.e. risk of harm to self or others) However, in the event of duty to notify a third party notifying the parents may not be sufficient Why are minors who engage in self-injury complex? - Answer>>Because there's limits to confidentiality and the therapists needs to be able to identify if they the child is self-harm or is suicidal. Minors have ethical rights to privacy and confidentiality however..... - Answer>>The law still favors the rights of parents over their children. Parents have a legal right to information pertaining to counseling sessions with their child, although a court may hold otherwise due to specific statutes. When parents or legal guardians become involved in the counseling process, counselors must acknowledge that these adults have authority over minors. Therapist Competence - Answer>>- Have the necessary self-awareness, knowledge, skills, and abilities to provide effective services.
- we must consistently attend to our physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being Competence - Answer>>- Both an ethical and legal concept
- From an ethical perspective - based on the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence What are incompetent practitioners vulnerable of? - Answer>>Malpractice It is especially important for counselor trainees seeing clients as part of a practicum or internship to learn to assess their own____________ - Answer>>Competence
often fail to recognize their own problems with competence, and some may be reluctant to address problems of competence in colleagues even when there is evidence that these problems exist. When it becomes clear that a client's counseling needs exceed your competence, you must either develop _____________________ - Answer>>the competence necessary to effectively treat the client or refer this client to another competent professional. The decision to refer must be made for the benefit of the client rather than for the comfort of the counselor. ________________ and ___________________ consultation are important steps in making this decision - Answer>>Self-reflection; colleague You must be able to make an _____________ and ___________ assessment of how far you can safely go with clients and recognize when to refer clients to other therapists or when to seek consultations with other professionals. - Answer>>Objective; honest How can a therapist develop competence and add new skills to their repertoire? - Answer>>- Work with colleagues or professionals who have more experience, especially when you go into new areas of practice
- Seek consultation before you practice in areas where you have not received education and training
- Seek supervision throughout the process of developing competence in those areas
- Attending conferences and conventions
- Reading books and professional journal articles
- Taking additional courses in areas you do not know well and theories you are not necessarily drawn to
- Participating in workshops that combine didactic work with supervised practice Why do a client deserve to understand the reason for the referral? - Answer>>Because that's a therapist's ethical responsibility to do no harm
What must a therapist learn to do when making a referral for clients? - Answer>>A therapist needs to learn how to make a referral in such a manner that the client will be open to accepting the therapist's suggestion rather than feeling rejected or abandoned. What is a basic component of practitioner competence? - Answer>>Training What is a core ethical and professional issue involving formulating policies and procedures for selecting appropriate candidates for a training program? - Answer>>- Establish clean selection criteria
- Candidates be given information about what will be expected of them if they enroll in the program
- Faculty screens candidates Educators and supervisors have several ethical obligations to students and trainees who ________________________________. - Answer>>May be impaired or incompetent What content should a training program entail? - Answer>>- General content (CACREP)
- Professional counseling
- Orientation and ethical practice
- Social and cultural diversity
- Human growth and development
- Career development
- Counseling and helping relationships
- Group counseling and group work
- Assessment and testing
- Research and program evaluation What does a good program do? - Answer>>- Challenge you to examine your attitudes and beliefs
What is the first goal of an evaluation of candidates? - Answer>>To assess progress and correct problems. What is the fitness to practice (FTP) made to do? - Answer>>It helps training programs requires balancing the rights of students to pursue their career interests with the rights of their future clients. Why should fault avoid using the word impaired to refer to trainees who are not meeting the minimum standards? What should they refer to the trainees as then? - Answer>>Because impaired is a legal meaning in the ADA Faculty should say instead problems with professional competences or professional competence problems What are possible problematic behaviors for trainees? - Answer>>Poor clinical skills, poor interaction with faculty/supervisors/colleagues, appropriate self-disclosure with clients ad failure to communicate with clinical supervisors or faculty about needs and concerns. A program has an ethical responsibility to take action rather than simply _____________________________________. - Answer>>Pass on a student with serious academic or personal problems. What is a key part of the informed consent process? - Answer>>It involves learning about the policies pertaining to the roles that personal and professional development play in the program. What are the 3 types of behaviors that result in student dismissal? - Answer>>1) Inadequate academic or clinical skill levels
- Psychological or personality unsuitability
- Inappropriate moral character
What is the faculty's ethical responsibility to enter the profession? - Answer>>They are to ensure that you are qualified to enter the profession of counseling after you graduate What are the three assessments that could be used to assess for students' problematic behavior? - Answer>>Collaborative decision-making model Systematic plan - professional development plans Seattle's personal and professional competencies What is a key role for the clinical training facility? - Answer>>To promote and facilitate students competence and professional behavior. Gatekeepers - Answer>>They protect consumers by identifying and intervening with graduate students who exhibit problematic behaviors or who give evidence of performance problems. (Counselor educators are gatekeepers) Clinical training faculty also have a responsibility to protect other graduate student in their program from who? - Answer>>Those trainees who are dealing with problems of professional competency. What barriers are in place from dismissing students? - Answer>>- Difficulties in giving clear evidence to support the decision to dismiss a student
- The lack of adequate procedures in place to support a dismissal decision
- Concern about the psychological distress for faculty and students
- Concern about the heightened resistance and defensiveness in the trainee
- The potential for receiving criticism from other faculty or supervisors who were not involved in the trainee's remediation
- Fear of legal reprisal by the student What is PCPE? - Answer>>Professional Counseling Performance Evaluation
