Suggested Essays for Exam 3
1. Distinguish between isotonic and isometric contractions.
2. Outline the steps that occur from the moment that a muscle fiber is stimulated to the time of
relaxation.
3. List four different functions of ATP that occur in muscle contraction.
4. Distinguish between EDV, ESV, and SV.
5. Distinguish between preload and afterload as they apply to cardiac physiology.
6. Be able to explain the Frank-Starling Law of the heart!!
7. Explain how metabolic autoregulation affects blood flow.
8. Explain what effects the baroreceptor reflex would have on
a) the cardiac center of the medulla when blood pressure rises
b) the vasomotor center of the medulla when blood pressure rises
c) the cardiac center of the medulla when blood pressure falls
d) the cardiac center of the medulla when blood pressure falls
9. Explain the concept of isovolumetric contraction.
Read the statement on the left. Then determine whether it I NCREASES/ STIMULA TES or
DECREASES/ INHIBITS the statement on the right.
Decreased end-diastolic volume..................Cardiac outpt
Increased end-systolic volume..............…...Stroke volume
Increased time for ventricular diastole.................….EDV
Increased strok e volume...................……....Cardiac output
Increased aldosterone secretion…………….Blood volume
Hyponatremia………………………………….Aldosterone secretion
Increased end-diastolic volume................…Force of contraction
Increased norepinephrine secretion............ SA node firing rate
Increase in venous return.......................….End-Diastolic Volume
↑ activity of respiratory pump………………..Venous return
Decrease in stroke volume........................Cardiac output
Increased contractility.............................End systolic volume
Increased angiotensin II…………………..Blood pressure
Increased ADH secretion…………………..Blood pressure
Increased cardiac output..........................Systemic arterial blood pressure
Vasodilation ..................................……....Blood pressure
Decreased vessel compliance……………..Blood pressure
↑ AV node delay………………………………EDV
Hypovolemic s hock……………………………Blood pressure
↑ Parasympathetic stimulation of SA node……Heart rate
↑ Stimulation of baroreceptors.......................Heart rate
Decreased stroke volume.......................... End systolic volume
Decreased ADH secretion.........................Blood volume
Decreased tissue pH and oxygen levels………….Blood flow
Increased nitric oxide…………………….Vessel diameter
Atrial natriuretic peptide…………………..Blood pressure
Decreased blood pressure…………………Baroreceptor firing rate
↑ Parasympathetic stimulation…………….Penile vessel diameter
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