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IOWA PESTICIDE APPLICATOR EXAM |
QUESTIONS & 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADE A+
Intro: Types of pesticide applicators in Iowa Correct Answer: Commercial Applicators (another person for compensation); Public Applicators (as employee govt agencies); Noncommercial Applicators (property owned, rented, or leased by the applicator or the applicator's employer); Private Applicators (agricultural); Certified Handlers (preparing, mixing, or loading pesticides) Intro: Describe certification & recertification requirements Correct Answer: Certification: Employed by a certified, licensed company; fee paid to IDALS; 21-day grace period (direct supervision); closed-book exam. Recertification: 3- year qualification cycle; renewable by either testing every third year or attending approved continuing instruction courses (CIC); core & categories; fee & you get a form. C1: What agency regulates pesticide use in US Correct Answer: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) C1: Summarize pesticide registration & re-registration
Correct Answer: FIFRA requires the EPA to regulate the sale & use & they do this through registration & labeling of pesticide products; human health & the environment. Re-registration FIFRA requires EPA to conduct comprehensive reviews of older pesticides human health & environmental effects C1: Understand the penalties for violations of FIFRA Correct Answer: Violations of the legal provisions established in FIFRA civil penalties as much as $6,500 for each offense; violation of the law also may subject you to criminal penalties up to $25,000 or one year in prison, or both. C1: FIFRA Correct Answer: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (1947) regulates the production, transportation, sale, use, & disposal of all pesticides C1: FFDCA Correct Answer: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act sets allowable residue levels to ensure the safety of the food supply C1: FQPA Correct Answer: Food Quality Protection Act amended both FIFRA & FFDCA & set a tougher standard for pesticides on food. C1: Residues & Tolerances
- Quantity of pesticide used & the concentration or rate of application; 7) Temperature and direction & velocity of wind; 8) the use of "restricted use" pesticides; 9) Time pesticide application begins & ends. C2: Describe the Sensitive Crops Directory Correct Answer: It is an online registry to identify locations of pesticide-sensitive crops & apiaries (bee yards): vineyards, orchards, certified organic crops, and fruit & vegetable crops. Susceptible to drift & meet minimum acreage requirements. C2: Iowa Bee Rule Correct Answer: Owners of apiaries shall register location (expires Dec 31); shall not apply a pesticide labeled as toxic to bees within 1 mile of apiaries between 8 am & 6 pm (registered on 1st day of month) C2: List the notification requirements for urban pesticide applications Correct Answer: Notification: must post signs at the start of application; display signs for at least 24 hrs after the application (longer if label requires); does not apply to pesticides applied within a structure or within 6 ft of the outside perimeter of a structure, nor to the homeowner or tenant. Also, prenotification, durable signs, remove, provide label C2: Summarize the Iowa atrazine management rules
Correct Answer: Atrazine is a restricted use pesticide due to ground & surface water concerns. Atrazine application rates are limited to 2.5 lbs per acre per calendar year; restricts rates to 1.5 lbs in 23 counties (7 county - wide 16 in some townships); may not be mixed, loaded, or repackaged within 50 feet of a sinkhole, well, cistern, lake, water impoundment, this includes, but is not limited to, abandoned wells, agricultural drainage wells & drainage well surface inlets, & drinking water wells; atrazine mixing, loading, & equipment cleanout must meet the secondary containment requirements in the Iowa administrative code. C2: Recognize the requirements of on-site containment of pesticides Correct Answer: All non-mobile bulk pesticide storage containers must be located within a watertight secondary containment facility, a structure used to prevent runoff or leaching of pesticide materials. If you store for more than 30 days & mix more than 300 gal and/or 300 lbs, your facility is considered a permanent storage & mixing site. Paved & sloped & elevated, curbed; engineer's design, plans IDALS; rainwater, cracks; washing, rinsates. C2: Penalties for violations of the Pesticide Act of Iowa Correct Answer: If you violate any provisions of Pesticide Act of Iowa (PAI), max civil penalty must not exceed $500 per violation; C3: What constitutes a pest
should be taken; more appropriate if you are not directly involved in production. It is a predetermined pest level that is considered to be unacceptable. C3: List several possible control tactics that may be used in an IPM strategy Correct Answer: 1) Biological, 2) mechanical,
- cultural, 4) physical,
- genetic, 6) regulatory, &
- chemical strategies. C3: Discuss how pesticides can come in contact & move within target pests Correct Answer: Once a pesticide comes in contact with the target species, it can move in various ways. SYSTEMIC pesticides, once they are absorbed through the leaves or roots, are translocated within the treated plant. CONTACT pesticides must directly touch the pest or a site the pest frequents to be effective. C3: Recognize the steps to take to minimize the development of pesticide resistance Correct Answer: Using different pest management strategies can help prevent or delay the occurrence of pesticide resistance. One tactic is to use products with different MODES OF ACTION to reduce the likelihood of resistance developing in a population. Changing pesticide use PATTERNS is another step that can be taken to prevent resistance development. An effective resistance management plan is based on knowing the pesticide treatment HISTORY. ALTERNATIVE pest management techniques should
be used to control resistant populations, hopefully to extend & prolong the use of current pesticides. C4: Define "label" Correct Answer: The pesticide LABEL includes all the info printed on & attached to the pesticide container or referred to on the label or accompanying literature; C4: Discuss why it is important to read & understand the label Correct Answer: The purpose of the label is to clearly explain info on handling, storage, use, & disposal of pesticides. Because the label is a legal document, failure to read & follow that info can result in legal action. C4: Differentiate between the types of pesticide registration Correct Answer: Section 3 of FIFRA: most comprehensive registration, EPA has reviewed & approved all info; Section 24(c): Iowa can limit uses or register additional uses of a federally registered pesticide, Special Local Need (SLN); Section 18 emergency exemption: a state may petition EPA for a particular product to address pest problems for which no pesticides are registered, these needs are usually based on specific public health quarantine emergency or other crises; Section 25(b): considered to pose minimum risk to humans and the environment (cinnamon, garlic, salt, etc), does not require EPA label approval & does not undergo review by the agency. C4: Distinguish between "active" & "inert" ingredients
C4: Recognize how precautionary statements can assist the applicator to safeguard humans & the environment. Correct Answer: Three types: Hazards to Humans (and Domestic Animals) [Routes of Entry Statements, Specific Action Statements, Protective Clothing and Equipment Statements, Other Precautionary Statements]; Environmental Hazards; Physical or Chemical Hazards C4: Interpret the statement "It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling" Correct Answer: Examples: a site not listed, a higher-than-labeled rate, handling a pesticide in a manner that violates specific label instructions. Exceptions: a rate less than, pest not listed if site of application is listed, in combination with fertilizers, in combination with other pesticides, for an application method or equipment not prohibited on the label. C4: Explain the responsibility to follow directions & requirements for use contained in label-referenced documents Correct Answer: In addition to label directions for use, pesticide users must obey directions contained in documents that are only referred to on the product labeling. C4: Differentiate between agricultural & non-agricultural use requirements
Correct Answer: Agricultural: used in the production of agricultural plants on farms, forests, nurseries, or greenhouses covered by the WPS; Non-agricultural: gives details about non-ag pesticide applications to lawns, golf courses, ornamental plantings, structures (except greenhouses), aquatic areas, & rights-of-way. C4: Specify who is responsible for developing a pesticide's Material Safety Data Sheet Correct Answer: The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a technical bulletin that provides you & emergency personnel with the proper procedures for handling, storage, & safe use of chemical product. MANUFACTURERS of these substances are required to develop & provide upon request the MSDS for each product. C5: Define "pesticide formulation" & identify common abbreviations used to describe formulations Correct Answer: A pesticide formulation may be composed of the pesticide active ingredient, inert ingredients such as organic solvent or mineral clay, adjuvants (e.g. stickers & spreaders), & other ingredients such as stabilizers & dyes. A: aerosol, B: bait, C: concentrate, D: dust, DF: dry flowable, E or EC: emulsifiable concentrate, F: flowable, G: granule, L: liquid, LC: liquid concentrate or low concentrate, M or ME: microencapsulated, P or PS: pellets, RTU: ready-to-use, S: solution, SP: soluble powder or soluble packet, ULV: ultra low volume, W or WP: wettable powder, WDG: water-dispersible granule, WSP: water soluble powder or water soluble packet (p. 41).
C5: Recognize the purpose of adjuvants & define several types Correct Answer: An adjuvant is a chemical that is added to the pesticide mixture to help improve the mixing, application, or effectiveness of the pesticide. 1) Surfactants: wetting agents & spreaders; 2) Stickers: extenders, 3) Plant Penetrants: ; 4) Compatibility Agents: ; 5) Buffers or pH Modifiers: ; 6) Drift Control Additives: ; 7) Defoaming Agents: ; 8) Thickeners:. C5: Pest Formulation: A, B, C, D Correct Answer: Aerosol, Bait, Concentrate, Dust C5: Pest Formulation: DF, E or EC, F, G Correct Answer: Dry flowable, Emulsifiable concentrate, Flowable, Granule C5: Pest Formulation: L, LC, M or ME, P or PS Correct Answer: Liquid, Liquid concentrate or Low concentrate, Microencapsulated, Pellets C5: Pest Formulation: RTU, S, SP, ULV Correct Answer: Ready-to-use, Solution, Soluble powder or Soluble packet, Ultra low volume C5: Pest Formulation: W or WP, WDG, WSP
Correct Answer: Wettable powder, Water-dispersible granule, Water soluble powder or water soluble packet. C6: Explain the relationship between toxicity, exposure, & hazard Correct Answer: TOXICITY is the degree or extent to which a chemical or substance is poisonous. It is the ability of a pesticide to cause immediate (acute) or long-term (chronic) injury. EXPOSURE is the unwanted contact with pesticides, or pesticide residues by people, other organisms, or the environment. HAZARD, or risk, is the potential or likelihood for harm (injury, illness, or allergy) to occur because of product toxicity & human exposure. Hazard is a function of both the toxicity of a product & the amount of exposure. C6: Explain the three main types of harmful effects that pesticides can cause in humans. Correct Answer: CONTACT effects; SYSTEMIC effects; ALLERGIC effects. Contact effects are the most common form of pesticide injury or poisoning. Skin irritation. Systemic effects occur in areas or affect body functions other than the entry point into your body. Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness,... Allergic effects involve a susceptibility to a specific substance. Dermatitis, blisters, itchy eyes, respiratory discomfort, ... C6: Describe the four common exposure routes for pesticides into the human body Correct Answer: DERMAL exposure: The skin is the primary route of pesticide entry into your body. Approx 97 percent of all pesticide exposures; OCULAR exposure: The
Correct Answer: ACUTE toxicity is a measure of how poisonous a pesticide is to an animal or human after a SINGLE exposure. Acute effects occur shortly after exposure, usually within 24 hrs. CHRONIC toxicity refers to the harmful effects that occur from REPEATED EXPOSURES to pesticides over a period of time. Symptoms of chronic poisoning may not become evident for weeks, months, or even years after exposure. C6: Associate the relative toxicity levels of pesticides with the signal word on the product label Correct Answer: Category l - Highly Toxic (Danger or Danger-Poison); Category ll - Moderately Toxic (Warning); Category lll - Slightly Toxic (Caution); Category lV - Relatively Nontoxic (Caution or no signal word). C6: Describe some appropriate first aid for pesticide exposure Correct Answer: Be sure medical personnel are advised of possible pesticide contamination, the label should always be given to medical providers, if you are unable to take the label to the physician, provide at least the following information: name of pesticide, active ingredient, EPA registration number, & manufacturer of the pesticide;1) Immediately remove all contaminated clothing; 2) Wash the affected area with water & soap, then rinse well; 3) Gently dry the affected area & wrap it in loose cloth or a blanket, if necessary; 4) If the skin has chemical burns, cover the area loosely with a clean, soft cloth, avoid ointments, greases, powders, etc.
C6: Describe some general signs & symptoms of pesticide poisoning Correct Answer: Examples: borates (insecticides) tend to be irritating to the skin, nose, & respiratory system; Organophosphate & carbamate insecticides may cause blurred vision, excessive sweating, & salivation, muscle twitches, chest discomfort, constriction of the pupil of the eye, & other symptoms that could ultimately result in respiratory failure & death; Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides can cause nausea, dizziness, weakness, nervousness, and eye & skin irritation; Some herbicides are irritating to the skin & mucous membranes, & can cause vomiting, headaches, diarrhea, & confusion; Anticoagulant-type rodenticides may cause bloody noses & bleeding gums. C7: Describe what PPE is Correct Answer: (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment is the clothing & devices worn to protect your body from contact with pesticides or pesticide residues. C7: Identify where on the label you would find the minimum PPE required during pesticide application to be in compliance with regulations Correct Answer: Always read the pesticide labeling to see if it says which PPE materials are resistant to the product; some pesticide labels include a code letter (A-H) developed by EPA in the PPE description to help you select chemical resistant gloves, footwear, & aprons; the chart's code letters are based on the solvents used in the pesticide product, not the pesticide's active ingredient.
C8: Identify the primary safety precautions to follow to safely transport pesticides from purchase site to storage & use sites Correct Answer: Inspect the vehicle, never carry pesticides in the passenger compartment, truck beds are good (steel better than wood), never stack pesticide containers higher than the sides of the vehicle, proper signs, always carry a spill kit. C8: Explain how to select the pesticide storage site/area Correct Answer: Buildings used for pesticide storage: no office or living space, on the ground level. Should be located downwind & downhill from sensitive areas, unlikely to flood, soil characteristics, away from private well, public wells. C8: Describe how temperature, light, & moisture affect stored pesticides Correct Answer: Temperature extremes can decrease product effectiveness, cause breakage/explosion of pesticide containers, & trigger volatilizations & drift from the storage facility. Pesticide containers should be stored out of direct sunlight. Be sure the facility is well lighted. Nonporous materials should be used to construct the floor of the pesticide storage area. Absorbent/porous materials (carpeting, wood, & soil) are not suitable; a floor that slopes into a containment system; metal buildings are better than wood frame. C8: Explain how to respond when a damaged pesticide container is found Correct Answer: If you find a damaged container, immediately put on appropriate PPE & take action to prevent the pesticide from leaking or spreading into its surrounding
area. If a container is already leaking, immediately contain the spill & clean up any spilled pesticide. Use that pesticide as soon as possible; transfer the pesticide into an identical, empty pesticide container. C8: Describe how to dispose of pesticide wastes & containers according to label directions Correct Answer: Be sure to follow label directions for disposal of any excess or leftover product; there are only a few environmentally safe ways to dispose of leftover, banned, or unwanted pesticide concentrates; buy only the amount needed; pesticides in original, unopened, labeled containers often may be returned to the manufacturer; the DNR Land Quality Bureau Regional Collection Center (RCC) Program [conditionally exempt small quantity generator (CESQG) businesses]; properly rinsed containers generally are accepted by most landfills; a statewide, pesticide container recycling program is available to pesticide applicators. C9: Describe how to implement emergency response procedures Correct Answer: Name an Emergency Coordinator, make an Emergency Calling List, prepare a Map of Your Facility, create a List of Emergency Equipment and Supplies, write down an Emergency Procedures Outline, File the Emergency Response Plan. C9: Explain the "three C's" of spill management & steps to take in each step Correct Answer: Control, Contain, & Cleanup. Control: PPE, stop, isolate spill area; Contain: ; Cleanup: clean the spill site, clean up equipment, clean up PPE & yourself.
