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A series of slides from a university biology lecture covering the topics of ionic and covalent bonds, polar molecules, and hydrogen bonds. The slides include learning outcomes, figures, and explanations of the concepts. Ionic bonds form between atoms when one atom loses an electron and the other gains it, forming oppositely charged ions. Covalent bonds form when two atoms share electrons, forming strong bonds and molecules. Polar molecules have unevenly distributed charges, allowing them to dissociate in water and act as solvents. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but form between polar molecules through hydrogen atoms bonded to more electronegative atoms.
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Slide 1
Slide 2
Biol 240 S
Reduction reactions
Slide 3
Biol 240 S
3
positive cation
negative anion
Figure 2.2a
11 e
-^
10 e
-^
17 e
-^
18 e
-
What are ions?, and describe how do ionic bonds form between atoms in a compound.
Slide 4
Biol 240 S
Slide 7
Biol 240 S
7
dissolve
Figure 2.
Water is a polar molecule. Explain what this means in terms of water’s ability to act as asolvent At the atomic level, describe what happens when salt (Na
+^ Cl
-^ ) ‘dissolves’ in water
Slide 8
Biol 240 S
Figure 2.
How do hydrogen bonds differ from covalent bonds and provide examples of ahydrogen bond between 2 molecules and within the structure of a macromolecule.
Slide 9
Biol 240 S
9
compound thatdissociates inwater (dissolves)adding H
+^
To the
+^
−
Figure 2.6a
Without using the terms “acid” or “basic” what is the difference between a
solution of pH 3 and a solution of pH 5?
Slide 10
Biol 240 S
−
Na
+^
−
−^
+^
Figure 2.6b
Without using the terms “acid” or “basic” what is the difference between a
solution of pH 3 and a solution of pH 5?
Slide 13
Biol 240 S
13
Slide 14
Biol 240 S
of the chemicalproperties
How does an organic molecules differ from an inorganic molecule? Provide examples of each type of compound.
Slide 15
Biol 240 S
15
molecules with– Many or C-H bonds– Many electrons– = reduced carbon
atoms
molecules oxidized– Electrons removed– Energy harvested
electron acceptor– Oxygen is reduced
Slide 16
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16
Figure 2.
Explain the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Slide 19
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19
formed by dehydration synthesis.
Explain why lipids are insoluble in water.
Slide 20
Biol 240 S
Figure 2.10a
1)
Describe how the properties of phospholipids make these molecules well
suited for plasma membranes.Archaea differ from bacteria in the composition of cell membrane lipids. Explain howthey differ at the molecular level
Slide 21
Biol 240 S
21
Figure 2.
Slide 22
Biol 240 S
Why are proteins important to life?
Slide 25
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25
Describe and give examples of each level of protein structure.
Slide 26
Biol 240 S
-^
Shrimp meat (protein)initially translucent
-^
Acid of Lime marinade[H
+^ ] breaks H bonds
-^
Protein structureunravels–
White (scatters light)
-^
Chewy
-^
Why cook fish?
Explain what happens to the structure of the proteins of shrimp when placed in anacidic lime marinade (Viva Ceviche!)
Slide 27
Biol 240 S
27
Provide examples of two different types of conjugated proteins.
Slide 28
Biol 240 S
base
Figure 2.
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA and RNA?
Slide 31
Biol 240 S
energy for the cell.
Figure 2.
Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows it to perform its biological role.