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Common Monoatomic Ions
H
Na
sodium
H
hydrogen
Li
lithium fluoride F
Cs
caesium
K
potassium
Ag
silver
chloride Cl
bromide Br
iodide I
Mg
2+ magnesium
Sr
2+ strontium
Ca
2+ calcium
Zn
2+ zinc
Ba
2+ barium
Cd
2+ cadmium
Al
3+ aluminium
Cations
Charge Formula Name
Anions
Charge Formula Name
oxide O
2-
sulfide S
2-
nitride N
3-
- Ionic Compounds
- often a metal + nonmetal
- anion (nonmetal), add “ ide ” to element name
BaCl 2
barium chloride
K 2
O potassium oxide
Mg(OH) 2
magnesium hydroxide
KNO
3
potassium nitrate
oxoanions often end with ate
Some Common Polyatomic Ions
Formula
Cations
NH
4
Common Anions
CH
3
COO
-
H
3
O
Formula
ammonium
hydronium
Name Name
CN
-
acetate
cyanide
OH
- hydroxide
ClO 3
- chlorate
NO
2
- nitrite
NO
3
- nitrate
MnO 4
- permanganate
CO
3
2
-
carbonate
CrO 4
2
-
chromate
Cr 2
O
7
2
-
dichromate
O
2
2
- peroxide
SO
3
2 -
sulfite
PO
4
3 - phosphate
SO
4
2 -
sulfate
e.g. nitrogen forms
2 oxoanions
NO 3
-
NO 2
- “ite”
“ate”
nitrite
nitrate
- Some elements can form more than 2 oxoanions e.g. chlorine
ClO
- hypochlorite (“ hypo” – least)
ClO 2
- chlorite
ClO 3
- chlorate
ClO 4
- perchlorate (“per” – most)
order as before
- Anions with hydrogen (add one positive charge i.e addition of H
+ )
e.g. S
**2-
+ HS
- hydrogen sulfide
CO 3
**2-
+ HCO 3
- hydrogen carbonate
OH
- hydroxide ion
Oxoanions
add “hydrate” preceded by prefix indicating the number of water molecules
e.g. CuSO 4
Cu
2+ , SO 4
2- copper(II) sulfate
CuSO 4
. 5H 2
O
(5 water molecules, called water of hydration)
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta-
6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca-
Hydrates (compounds that contain water molecules):
Numerical Prefixes for Hydrates and Binary Covalent Compounds
………… often molecular
Molecular compounds
- nonmetals or nonmetals + metalloids
- common names H 2
O, NH
3
, CH
4
- element further left in periodic table is 1
st
- element closest to bottom of group is 1
st
- if more than one compound can be formed from the same
elements, use prefixes to indicate number of each kind of
atom
HI hydrogen iodide
NF
3
nitrogen trifluoride
SO
2
sulfur dioxide
N
2
Cl
4
dinitrogen tetrachloride
Examples:
Guidelines
Sample Problem Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
PROBLEM: Name the ionic compound formed from the following pairs of
elements:
PLAN:
(a) magnesium and nitrogen
SOLUTION:
Use the periodic table to decide which element is the metal and
which the nonmetal. The metal (cation) is named first and we
use the - ide suffix on the nonmetal name root.
(b) iodine and cadmium
(c) strontium and fluorine (d) sulfur and caesium
(a) magnesium nitride
(b) cadmium iodide
(c) strontium fluoride
(d) caesium sulfide
