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An insightful exploration into the world of invertebrates and chordates, focusing on their evolution, key innovations, and distinct characteristics. Topics covered include the segmented body plan of arthropods, the advantages and challenges of an exoskeleton, the role of an exoskeleton in the move to a terrestrial environment, and the unique features of echinoderms and chordates. Students will also find information on insect flight, the deuterostome phyla, and the anatomy of sea stars.
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FIG 33- 35 Tracheal system – external openings = spiracles Excretion of waste – Malpighian tubules Nervous system – complex w/ ganglia & ventral double nerve cord Specialized appendages & wings
Figure 33.38 Anatomy of a sea star
Phylum Chordata = 2 subphyla of invertebrates plus hagfishes and vertebrates Chordates share features of embryonic development with echinoderms All chordates share a set of derived characters Some species have some of these traits only during embryonic development
Notochord