Latin Verb Tenses and Reflexive Pronouns, Slides of Latin language

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October 27

th

 Present, Future, and Imperfect tenses all referred to as the “Present System” because they are all formed on the present stem (i.e. 1

st

Principal Part) – Note: 2

nd

Principal Part = Infinitive.  The Perfect System (i.e. The Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect) all modelled on 3

rd

Principal Part.  i.e. Laudo, Laudare, Laudavi, Laudatus, a, um.  3

rd

and 4

th

Principal parts are highly varied and must be memorized with the vocabulary.

Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

Laudav i – I praised Laudav eram – I had praised Laudav ero – I shall have praised Laudav isti – You praised Laudav eras – You had praised Laudav eris – You will have praised Laudav it – He/She/It praised Laudav erat = He/she/it had praised Laudav erit – He/she/it will have praised Laudav imus – We praised Laudav eramus = We had praised Laudav erimus – We shall have praised Laudav istis – You praised Laudav eratis = You had praised Laudav eritis – You will have praised Laudav erunt – They praised Laudav erant = They had praised Laudav erint – They will have praised

Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

Monu i – I warned Monu eram – I had warned Monu ero – I shall have warned Monuisti – You warned Monueras – You had warned Monueris – You will have warned Monuit – He/she/it warned Monuerat – He/she/it/had warned Monuerit – He/she/it will have warned Monuimus – We warned Monueramus – We had warned Monuerimus – We shall have warned Monuistis – You warned Monueratis – You had warned Monueritis – You will have warned Monuerunt – They warned Monuerant – They had warned Monuerint – They will have warned

Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

Cepi – I seized Ceperam – I had seized Cepero – I shall have seized Cepis – You seized Ceperas – You had seized Ceperis – You will have seized Cepit – She/he/it seized Ceperat – She/he/it had seized Ceperit – She/he/it will have seized Cepimus – We seized Ceperamus – We had seized Ceperimus – We shall have seized Cepistis – You seized Ceperatis – You had seized Ceperitis – You will have seized Ceperunt – They seized Ceperant – They had seized Ceperint – They will have seized

Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

Audivi – I heard Audiveram – I had heard Audivero – I shall have heard Audivisti – You heard Audiveras – You had heard Audiveris – You will have heard Audivit – He/she/it heard Audiverat – He/she/it had heard Audiverit – He/she/it will have heard Audivimus – We heard Audiveramus – We had heard Audiverimus – We shall have heard Audivistis – You heard Audiveratis – You had heard Audiveritis – You will have heard Audiverunt – They heard Audiverant – They had heard Audiverint – They will have heard

Perfect Tense Pluperfect Tense Future Perfect Tense

Potui – I was able Potueram – I had been able Potuero – I shall have been able Potuisti – You were able Potueras – You had been able Potueris – You will have been able Potuit – He/she/it was able Potuerat – He/she/it had been able Potuerit – She/he/it will have been able Potuimus – We were able Potueramus – We had been able Potuerimus – We shall have been able Potuistis – You were able Potueratis – You had been able Potueritis – You will have been able Potuerunt – They were able Potuerant – They had been able Potuerint – They will have been able

 Nom -.  Gen – Sui (of himself, herself, itself)  Dat – Sibi (to/for himself, etc.).  Acc – Se (himself, etc.).  Abl – Se (by/with/from himself, etc.).  Nom -.  Gen – Sui (of themselves).  Dat – Sibi (to/for themselves).  Acc – Se (themselves).  Abl – Se (By/with/from themselves).  Note – Declines identically to 2

nd

person singular reflexive pronoun; Singular and plural are identical; use context.

 Possessive pronouns referring to the subject (i.e. Cicero praises his own students).  1 st (meus, a, um – noster, nostra, nostrum) and 2 nd (Tuus, a, um – Vester, Vestra, Vestrum) person decline exactly like regular possessive pronouns.  3 rd person possessive reflexive pronoun (suus, sua, suum) declines like any 1 st / nd declension adjective (i.e. Like magnus, a, um); must agree with the noun modified in gender, number, and case regardless of the gender and number of the subject to which it refers; Be careful to distinguish the use of 3 rd person reflexive possessive pronouns from the use of nonreflexive possessive pronouns.  Cf. Wheelock, p. 84.