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Words connoting time are placed in the ablative without a preposition to indicate time when or within which the action of the verb took place. Third Declension Nouns, third Declension I-Stem Nouns, Ablative, Ablative of means, Ablative of Accompaniment, Ablative of time, Cardinal Numbers, Ordinal Numbers
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rd
Rex, Regis Civis, Civis (m) Nubes, Nubis (f) Urbs, Urbis (f) Mare, Maris (n) Vis, Vis (f) Nom: Rex Civis Nubes Urbs Mare Vis Gen: Regis Civis Nubis Urbis Maris Vis Dat: Regi Civi Nubi Urbi Mari Vi Acc: Regem Civem Nubem Urbem Mare V im Abl: Rege Cive Nube Urbe Mar i V i Nom: Reges Cives Nubes Urbes Mar ia Vires Gen: Regum Civ ium Nub ium Urb ium Mar ium Vir ium Dat: Regibus Civibus Nubibus Urbibus Maribus Viribus Acc: Reges Cives Nubes Urbes Mar ia Vires Abl: Regibus Civibus Nubibus Urbibus Maribus Viribus
By means of what, by what, or with what an action occurred. Bestiam vinculis tenebunt “They will hold the beast with chains.” Auxilio puerorum donum pulchrum faciemus “With the help of the boys we will make a beautiful gift.” Cf. Wheelock, p. 91 for additional examples.
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A word indicating the whole group from which another word is but a part is expressed in the genitive. Pars consilii tui erat bona. – “Part of your advice was good.” Nemo amicorum meorum venit. – “No one of my friends came.” Often used after certain nominative and accustaive pronouns and adjectives (i.e. Aliquid, quid, multum, plus, minus, satis, nihil, tantum, quantum). Nihil temporis = No time (Literally = Nothing of time). Satis sapientiae = Enough wisdom (Literally = Enough of wisdom). Note: sometimes a part of the whole can be expressed with the prepositions “ex” (from) or “de” (about, from) + ablative (i.e. Tres ex amicis = Three of my friends); generally used when cardinal numbers are involved. Cf. Wheelock, p. 99.