Introductory Latin-Lecture Slides Nov 17, 2011-Literature-, Slides of Latin language

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November 17

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 Verbs have two voices in Latin: The Active and The Passive.  Already familiar with Active Voice – The subject of a sentence is the doer of the action. (i.e. The senators killed Caesar).  In the Passive Voice the subject of the passive verb is the receiver of the action of the verb (i.e. Caesar was killed by the senators).  Passive verbs characterized by a specific morphology that must be memorized.

Amo, Amare Love Teneo, Tenere Hold Ama ba r I was being loved Tene ba r I was being held Ama ba ris You were being loved Tene ba ris You were being held Ama ba tur He/she/it was being loved Tene ba tur He/she/it was being held Ama ba mur We were being loved Tene ba mur We were being held Ama ba mini You were being loved Tene ba mini You were being held Ama ba ntur They were being loved Tene ba ntur They were being held

Amo, Amare Love Teneo, Tenere Hold Ama bo r I will be loved Tene bo r I will be held Ama be ris You will be loved Tene be ris You will be held Ama bi tur He/she/it will be loved Tene bi tur She/he/it will be held Ama bi mur We will be loved Tene bi mur We will be held Ama bi mini You will be loved Tene bi mini You will be held Ama bu ntur They will be loved Tene bu ntur They will be held

Amo, Amare, Amavi, Amatus Love Teneo, Tenere, Tenui, Tentus Hold Amatus sum I was loved Tentus sum I was held Amatus es You were loved Tentus es You were held Amatus est He was loved Tentus est He was held Amati sumus We were loved Tenti sumus We were held Amati estis You were loved Tenti estis You were held Amati sunt They were loved Tenti sunt They were held

Amo, Amare, Amavi, Amatus Love Teneo, Tenere, Tenui, Tentus Hold Amatus ero I will have been loved Tentus ero I will have been held Amatus eris You will have been loved Tentus eris You will have been held Amatus erit He will have been loved Tentus erit He will have been held Amati erimus We will have been loved Tenti erimus We will have been held Amati eritis You will have been loved Tenti eritis You will have been held Amati erunt They will have been loved Tenti erunt They will have been held

 Simply take the present active infinitive and

replace the final “e” with “i”.

 Amare (to love) – Amari (to be loved).

 Tenere (to hold) – Teneri (to be held).

 The personal agent by whom the action of a

passive verb is performed indicated by the

preposition ab (by) + the ablative.

 Caesar ab hostibus suis oppugnatus est –

“Caesar was attacked by his enemies .”

 Very little difficulty in recognizing ablative of

agent.

 Interrogative adjectives ask for further information about a specific person or thing.  i.e. Whose car are you driving?  i.e. To what woman did you write this poem?  As adjectives they agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.  Forms identical to the relative pronoun so context is important.  Tips: 1. Question mark. 2. Presence of an antecedent indicates a relative pronoun. 3. Presence of a noun that agrees in gender, number, and case indicates an interrogative adjective.  Cf. Wheelock, p. 125.