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Material Type: Lab; Class: Biology 1 - Introduction; Subject: Biology / Biological Sciences; University: Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania; Term: Forever 1989;
Typology: Lab Reports
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Section 3 Dr. Pablo Delis Student Name 10/29/
In this lab, we take a closer look at the Phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The first Phyla observed are the "sac fungi," or Ascomycota. First, we will look at sexual reproductive in a cup fungus. Asci are the "sacs" that give this fungi its name, but it is also the reproductive organelle. The ascus is where meiosis occurs and also contains eight ascospores. We then look at asexual reproduction in a mold while observing a slide of Penicillium conidia. Penicillium is classified as "Fungi Imperfecti" because there are no known sexual structures, such as asci or basidia. The third fungi we observe is a living culture of baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observe the yeast culture growing in a test tube with sucrose solution. Yeast perform asexual reproduction through budding. They are important in the economic uses of bread, cheese, wine, beer, and other fermented alcoholic beverages. The fourth fungi we observe is lichens, which is a symbiotic relationship between a fungi and an autotrophic bacteria. Soredia are small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae that form during asexual reproduction of lichens. The next Phyla observed in this lab is Basidiomycota, or "club fungi." The first fungi from this Phylum that we will observe is the fruiting body of Agaricus. Agaricus has a stipe (or stalk), a cap, and lamellae (gills). Basidiomycetes also have basidia, a cell in
which karyogamy occurs, each of which contain four basidiospores. Meiosis produces basidiospores in sexual reproduction.
The purpose of this lab is to familiarize us with the invertebrate animals and some key characteristics that define the structure of the phylogenetic tree. This lab explains the different levels of organization in animals (cellular, tissue, organ, system), explains the difference between asymmetry, radial and bilateral symmetry in animals, relate symmetry to lifestyle and activity, explain the three types of body cavities found in bilaterally symmetrical animals, explain how the hydrostatic skeleton and body wall musculature interact in locomotion, compare and contrast the adaptations of free-living vs. parasitic animals, and identify major taxa of animals and explain the major characteristics of each group. Each Phylum that will be discussed in this lab has questions to be answered before the lab, and the answers follow here: Phylum Proifera
are coated with neurotoxins. Physical contact with the trigger stimulates the explosive release of this defense system. There are two main types of body form in this group. The polyp form is sessile, while the medusa form is free swimming. In some groups of cnidarians, both the polyp and medusa forms are found. In other groups, one body form may predominate or exclude the other body form. We then examine prepared slides of Hydra and preserved specimens of cnidarians. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms are acoelomate and have a gastrovascular system. The gastrovascular system functions in a similar fashion as the cnidarians. These organisms are triploblastic because they have an epithelium, a gastrovascular cavity, and a muscle and parenchyma derived from the mesoderm.