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Introduction to surveying, Lecture notes of Engineering

Lecture 1 notes for learning in the classroom

Typology: Lecture notes

2018/2019

Uploaded on 05/31/2025

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3/9/2013
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ENGR 235 - Surveying
Introduction
Definition
Surveying can be defined as
“The art and science of performing distance,
elevation, and direction measurements of the
relative positions of natural and man-made
features on the earth’s surface, and displaying
this information in a graphical and/or
numerical context”
Evolution
The practice of surveying is as old as man’s
cultural evolution. Surveying was practiced as
far back as there was a need to establish
boundary lines and to take measurements for
building structures.
Heron (a Greek mathematician who lived in
Alexandria, Egypt) in the first century AD,
provided the first series of surveying
techniques practiced at the time
Even before that, surveying was practiced to
build structures, such as the pyramids, and to
re-establish boundary lines after river floods.
Plane and Geodetic Surveying
Plane Surveying deals with relatively small
areas, and thus, it is assumed that the earth is
flat (over this small area)
Geodetic Surveying deals with large areas on
the earth’s surface, and takes into account the
curvature of the earth.
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ENGR 235 - Surveying

Introduction

Definition

Surveying can be defined as “The art and science of performing distance, elevation, and direction measurements of the relative positions of natural and man-made features on the earth’s surface, and displaying this information in a graphical and/or numerical context”

Evolution

The practice of surveying is as old as man’s cultural evolution. Surveying was practiced as far back as there was a need to establish boundary lines and to take measurements for building structures.

  • Heron (a Greek mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt) in the first century AD, provided the first series of surveying techniques practiced at the time
  • Even before that, surveying was practiced to build structures, such as the pyramids, and to re-establish boundary lines after river floods.

Plane and Geodetic Surveying

  • Plane Surveying deals with relatively small areas, and thus, it is assumed that the earth is flat (over this small area)
  • Geodetic Surveying deals with large areas on the earth’s surface, and takes into account the curvature of the earth.

How Did Eratosthenes (225 BC)

Measure the Circumference of the

Earth?

Eratosthenes is known as the “father of geography.” He was the head librarian of the ancient library of Alexandria