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A series of multiple-choice questions and answers covering key concepts in introductory statistics. It covers topics such as sampling methods, data types, experimental design, bias, and descriptive statistics. Useful for students studying introductory statistics and provides a self-assessment tool for understanding core concepts.
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Which of these statements best defines a stratified random sample? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is a sample where the population is first broken into groups and then elements are randomly selected, in proportion, from each group. Which of the following data types will be continuous? - CORRECT ANSWER-The amount of snow that fell last night. A study in which results are measured without intervention from the researcher is called... - CORRECT ANSWER-Observational study. Which of the following best classifies the arrangement of bean bags? - CORRECT ANSWER-Low accuracy and low precision. Mike wants to find out the approximate income for professors in Michigan. He decides to randomly select 50 professors who work for a college or university in Michigan and obtain their salaries. What are the sample and the population of Mike's study? - CORRECT ANSWER-The 50 professors that Mike interviews are his sample, and all of the professors who work in Michigan are the population. James conducts a survey to study the relationship between cell phone use and grades earned during the fall semester. James suspects that there might be a lot of other factors that affect grades besides cell phones.
Which of the following could be a confounding variable in James's study? - CORRECT ANSWER-Time spent studying. Cindy measured and recorded the temperature of a liquid for an experiment. She used a poorly calibrated thermometer and noted the temperature as 100.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The actual temperature of the liquid was 95 degrees Fahrenheit. The percent error in her calculation is... - CORRECT ANSWER- 5.79% On a candy production line, 3% of bags are overfilled. An employee randomly selects 100 bags and finds that 5% are overfilled. A second employee takes another random sample of 250 bags and finds that 2% are overfilled. Which of the following explains why there is a difference between the two percentages? - CORRECT ANSWER- Random error; the numbers were different due to variability inherent in sampling. Rob sent an email survey to 2,000 cell phone owners asking about their satisfaction with their current plan. Only 256 people returned the survey and they were predominately 18-24 years old. Which of the following statements is true? - CORRECT ANSWER-The survey likely has bias because the people who could not answer differ from those who did answer. Regan wants to study how reading on a computer affects comprehension among elementary school students. Regan thinks that girls and boys might differ and he also suspects that grade level will affect the results. He decides to create a male and female group for each grade. Within each group, he
A survey result shows that cell phone usage among teenagers rose from 63% in 2006 to 71% in 2008. Of the following choices, which statement about cell phone use among teenagers is true? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell phone usage rose by 12.7% A pizza owner asked 50 customers to taste a new type of topping and found that 40 people liked its taste. Which of these is an example of descriptive statistics? - CORRECT ANSWER-80% of the surveyed customers like the taste of the pizza topping. A factory manufactures motorcycles. One of its employees, working in the quality control department, checks the first 10 and the last 10 motorcycles manufactured in a day. This is what type of sampling? - CORRECT ANSWER- Convenience sampling. A retail brand plans to open its stores across all cities with a population of more than one million. To prepare for this, it refers to the past year's census done by the government. Which statement accurately describes the type of data the retail brand is using? - CORRECT ANSWER-The census is an example of available data because the government provides it. A new pet food product for small dogs has been developed to help with tooth decay. Fifty-two dogs participate in the study. Each dog owner picks a card from a standard deck out of a hat. If the card is red, their dog will be in the treatment group. If the card is black, their dog will be in the placebo group.
Which experimental design was used? - CORRECT ANSWER- Completely Randomized Design. The traffic volumes at a major intersection in New York were surveyed every day between one and four in the afternoon for a month to study the traffic patterns in the city. Which of the following types of bias affects the conclusions of the survey? - CORRECT ANSWER-Selection bias. Scientist want to test a new pair of running shoes. A speed test is performed with two separate groups of participants. The treatment group will wear the new pair of running shoes, while the control group will not. It is believed that age and height may affect speed. Which of the following would be most effective in controlling the confounding variables, such as age and height, in this study? - CORRECT ANSWER-A matched-pair design experiment. A survey conducted among students in the school cafeteria asked a set of questions listed below. Which survey question would produce a qualitative response? - CORRECT ANSWER-What is your favorite dish? In a study to assess the risk of obesity with the amount of time exercised per week, researchers matched each patient, in a sample of 500 people who are obese, with a person of the same ethnicity, gender, and age (along with other similar characteristics) who is not obese. The researchers asked the patients and their matches a series of questions, and then tracked eating and exercise habits regularly for several years. Which type of statistical study are the researchers conducting?
Which type of statistical study is the art teacher conducting? - CORRECT ANSWER-A survey. A different coffee seller offered to sell coffee to Jenae's company for half the cost of their current brand. Jenae knew her co-workers were really partial to the coffee they drank now, so she decided to conduct a study to see if they noticed the difference in flavor. Her co-workers were convinced they would. Jenae provided each person with a sample and said that some had the new coffee and some did not. Only Jenae knew who had which brand of coffee. Jenae's strategy is an example of a(n)... - CORRECT ANSWER-Blind experiment