Introduction to Programming Languages, Schemes and Mind Maps of Mathematics

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tansu FİLİK

Bil 200 Week - 2

Previously on Bil 200

 Programming Languages (Machine Code, Assembly code, high-level languages)  Compiler (translator)  Software development (components of algorithm)  Top-Down software development  Elements of C-programming language

Variables and Values

int and float

 Integers (int)

 Floating point (real) numbers

- 1e

Bil200 – Computer Programming

Variables and Values

Characters (char)

 characters 'a' 'z' 'A' 'Z' '?' '@' '0' '9‘  Special characters are obtained using a \ sign before the indicator.  \n : skip to new line  \t : tab – skip 8 character spaces  ' : print out '  \ : print out backslash
etc..

Math Expressions

 They combine or change values of variables.

 Operators: + - * / %

 Functions: exp(), cos(), log()

 They return a value with a specific type.

Exercises

 Exercise 1

Calculate the area of a triangle whose base

length (b) and height (h) are given.

Read b and h values

Area ½ * b * h

Print Area

Exercises

 Exercise 3 For an average speed H, calculate the required amount of time for a travel between two locations that have distance U. Read H and U time U/H Print time

Exercises

 Exercise 4 Write a list of commands to read midterm, homework, and final grades of a student and calculate the total grade. The weight of final is twice of the midterm. Midterm and home work have the same weight. Read midterm, homework, and final total midterm + homework + 2*final average total / 4 Print average

Increment / decrement operators

 ++ is an increment operator.

i++;  means i = i + 1;

 -- is a decrement operator

j--;  means j = j - 1;  According to using “before” or “after” the variable, the operators may work slightly differently. i++; or ++i; do the same thing, but inherently, they work in a different manner with a different set of machine code instructions.

Increment / decrement operators

 ++k increment k by 1, and return the result to the expression that “uses” ++k.  k++ use the value of k in the expression that “uses” k++, and then increment the value of k by 1.  --k decrement k by 1, and return the result to the expression that “uses” --k.  k-- use the value of k in the expression that “uses” k--, and then decrement the value of k by 1.

Examples

 d - = 4 (d = d - 4)  e *= 5 (e = e * 5)  f /= 3 (f = f / 3)  g %= 9 (g = g % 9)  If the value of i is 5;  printf( "%d", ++i ); => Prints 6 on screen  printf( "%d", i++ ); => Prints 5 on screen In both cases, the value of i after execution is 6.

Exercise

*Determine the values of the variables after the following lines. Do it by hand first, then try at the computer. int i, j, k; i = 2; j = 3 + i++; k = 3 + ++i; i = ++k + j--; i /= k-- + ++j;

Type casting

Supported integer types

 C language has several integer types.  char 8 bit  short 16 bit  unsigned short 16 bit  int 32 bit  unsigned int 32 bit  long int 32 bit  unsigned long 32 bit

Type casting

Supported floating types

 C language has several floating point types.  float 32 bit  double 64 bit  long double 64 bit