Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Introduction to Pathophysiology - Lecture Notes | BIO 375, Study notes of Pathophysiology

Material Type: Notes; Class: Pathophysiology; Subject: Biology; University: Missouri Western State University; Term: Fall 2008;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/08/2009

koofers-user-qic-1
koofers-user-qic-1 🇺🇸

4.5

(2)

10 documents

1 / 9

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
1
BIO 375 Pathophysiology
Dr. Tom Rachow (Rock-o)
AH 201E
Check out the Class Website at:
http://academic.missouriwestern.edu/rachow
Academic Honesty & Attendance Policy
Office Hours
Grading Policy
Sample Exams
Basic Notes for Class
Notes are available in pdf format
How to register your “clickers” for CPS
CPS Class Key for Fall 2008 N40598H729
Introduction to
Pathophysiology
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9

Partial preview of the text

Download Introduction to Pathophysiology - Lecture Notes | BIO 375 and more Study notes Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIO 375 Pathophysiology

Dr. Tom Rachow (Rock-o)

AH 201E

 Check out the Class Website at:  http://academic.missouriwestern.edu/rachow  Academic Honesty & Attendance Policy  Office Hours  Grading Policy  Sample Exams  Basic Notes for Class  Notes are available in pdf format  How to register your “clickers” for CPS  CPS Class Key for Fall 2008 N40598H

Introduction to

Pathophysiology

Let’s all JOIN the class  Turn on your clicker  Clickers will autojoin when turned on  Attendance will be taken daily by clicker  Keep your clicker handy, we will answer some quiz questions as we go through the material today.  To answer a question, press your choice; the clicker will automatically send your response  You can change your answer: Just enter new choice. Health and Disease  Disease may be defined as a deviation from the normal state of health or from a state of wellness.  Disease develops when significant changes occur in the body leading to a state in which homeostasis cannot be maintained.  When defining normal values for health indicators, the figures usually represent an average or range of values expected. Terms used in Pathophysiology  Pathophysiology is the study of the functional or physiologic changes in the body that result from disease processes.  Pathology is the study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease. These studies are often valuable in establishing the cause of a disease.

 Latent  Prodromal  Manifestations  Signs  Symptoms  Lesion  Syndrome  Diagnostic tests  Remissions and exacerbations  Precipitating factor  Complications  Therapy  Sequelae  Convalescence

 Prognosis  Morbidity  Mortality  Epidemiology  Epidemics and pandemics  Incidence  Communicable disease  Notifiable or reportable disease  Autopsy Cellular Adaptations in disease  Sometimes adaptations are normal changes such as increased breast development during pregnancy and lactation.  Abnormal changes may be precursors to pathological changes such as the development of tumors or cancer.

Cell Damage and Necrosis  Cells may be damaged or destroyed by changes in:  Metabolic processes  ATP production  pH in the cells  Or by damage to the cell membrane Mechanisms Causing Cell Injury  Ischemia  Physical agents  Mechanical damage  Chemical toxins  Microorganisms  Abnormal metabolites in cells  Nutritional deficiencies  Imbalance of fluids and electrolytes Cell damage occurs in stages  Initial cell damage causes alteration in a metabolic reaction  This leads to a loss of function  If the factor causing the initial damage is removed quickly, the cell may be able to recover and return to its normal state  Otherwise, the cell damage becomes irreversible and the cell dies

Events after cell death  After the cell dies, the nucleus disintegrates  Lysosomal enzymes are released and cause lysis of the cell  Lysosomal enzymes cause inflammation and damage to nearby cells  If large numbers of cells die, released substances enter the blood and may be used to diagnose the type of cells involved or the cause of the damage More Terms  Necrosis is the term used when a group of cells die.  The process of cell death varies with the cause of damage and type of cells:  Liquefaction necrosis is where dead cells liquefy in presence of certain enzymes  Coagulative necrosis occurs when cell proteins are denatured and maintain some shape, as in cooking egg whites.  Infarction is the term applied to an area of dead cells resulting from a lack of oxygen; this can result in a loss of function within the organ affected, e.g. myocardial infarction.