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Role of Nutrients in Health: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water - Prof. Lo, Study notes of Chemistry

University of Wisconsin (UW) - Milwaukee Chemistry

Prof. Lora Taylor De Oliveira

An overview of nutrition, its role in maintaining health and preventing chronic diseases, and the six classes of essential nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. Learn about their functions, energy yielding properties, and health benefits.

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Uploaded on 12/13/2009

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ClinSci 09.08.09

What you eat & Why

Nutrition –science of food nutrients & substances; their action, interaction & balance in relation to health & disease

Provide energy, building blocks, has specific biological function, regain normal function when restored to

diet

Study nutrition to maintain health

Chronic disease risk:

oDisease of heart (29%)

oCancer (22%)

oStroke (7%)

oDiabetes (5%)

6 Classes of nutrients

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Vitamins

Minerals

water

Carbs

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Major source of fuel

Monosaccharide (glucose)

Simple & complex

Dietary fiber

Energy yielding (4kcal/gram)

Lipids

Carbon, hydrogen, fewer oxygen

Triglycerides (fats & oils)

Unsaturated fatty acids

Saturated fatty acids

Essential fatty acids

Energy yielding fats & oils (9kcal/gram)

Cholesterol

Phospholipids

Proteins

Carbon, hydrogen, fewer oxygen

Energy yielding (4kcal/gram)

9 essential amino acids

11 nonessential amino acids

Partial preview of the text

Download Role of Nutrients in Health: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water - Prof. Lo and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

ClinSci 09.08.

What you eat & Why

Nutrition –science of food nutrients & substances; their action, interaction & balance in relation to health & disease  Provide energy, building blocks, has specific biological function, regain normal function when restored to diet  Study nutrition to maintain health  Chronic disease risk: o Disease of heart (29%) o Cancer (22%) o Stroke (7%) o Diabetes (5%) 6 Classes of nutrients  Carbohydrates  Lipids  Proteins  Vitamins  Minerals  water Carbs  Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen  Major source of fuel  Monosaccharide (glucose)  Simple & complex  Dietary fiber  Energy yielding (4kcal/gram) Lipids  Carbon, hydrogen, fewer oxygen  Triglycerides (fats & oils)  Unsaturated fatty acids  Saturated fatty acids  Essential fatty acids  Energy yielding fats & oils (9kcal/gram)  Cholesterol  Phospholipids Proteins  Carbon, hydrogen, fewer oxygen  Energy yielding (4kcal/gram)  9 essential amino acids  11 nonessential amino acids

Vitamins  Enable chemical reactions  Fat & water soluble  Yield no energy  Compose of various elements Minerals  Inorganic substances  Function in cellular processes, nervous system, water balance, structural systems  Not destroyed during cooking  Trace minerals  Major minerals  electrolytes Water  hydrogen, oxygen  majority of our body weight  found in foods  yields no energy  recommended intake: 9-13 cups/day  functions o solvent, lubricant, medium for transport Phytochemicals  chemicals in plants o not essential nutrients  provide significant health benefits  found in fruits & veggies, also chocolate, wine, beer Calorie – measurement of energy, amount of heat Hunger – physical biological drive Appetite – psychological drive KCAL/GRAM -Carbs – 4kcal/gram -Protein – 4kcal/gram -Alcohol – 7kcal/gram -Fat – 9kcal/gram

Role of Nutrients in Health: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water - Prof. Lo, Study notes of Chemistry

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Partial preview of the text

Download Role of Nutrients in Health: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water - Prof. Lo and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

ClinSci 09.08.

What you eat & Why