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Introduction to Human Physiology - Review Sheet | BIOL 260, Lab Reports of Physiology

Material Type: Lab; Professor: Staples; Class: Intro To Physiology; Subject: Biology; University: San Mateo County Community College District Office; Term: Spring 2009;

Typology: Lab Reports

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2/3/2009
1
BIOL 260BIOL 260: : Human Physiolog
y
Human Physiolog
y
Spring 2009 Spring 2009 W, W, Feb. Feb. 4, 4, 20092009
Dr. Nathan Staples (Ph.D., UCSB 2002)Dr. Nathan Staples (Ph.D., UCSB 2002)
www.smccd.edu/accounts/staplesn/biol260www.smccd.edu/accounts/staplesn/biol260
1.1. Lecture slides will be posted during the previous evening before lecture. Lecture slides will be posted during the previous evening before lecture.
Print WISELY if you choose to print Print WISELY if you choose to print (multiple pages/sheet, double(multiple pages/sheet, double--sided).sided).
2.2. PrePre--Lab Lab WriteupsWriteups::Be sure to prepare Be sure to prepare beforebefore each each MondayMonday’s labs (for ’s labs (for
WHOLE week WHOLE week – Mon. & Wed.!)!! Mon. & Wed.!)!!
(What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab(What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab????
3.3. Experiment Experiment 3 Monday: Neurology 3 Monday: Neurology – PhysioExPhysioEx. Work on Rpt. 2.. Work on Rpt. 2.
4.4. Next week’s Labs:
Next week’s Labs:
Ph
y
sioE
x
Ph
y
sioE
x
(
#3
)
, and Expt. 2. Also: Quiz #1!!!
(
#3
)
, and Expt. 2. Also: Quiz #1!!!
Practice Quiz posted TODAY on Practice Quiz posted TODAY on WebAccessWebAccess!!!! ((http://smccd.mrooms.nethttp://smccd.mrooms.net//))
5.5. Lab Expt. 1 report (“Homeostasis”) Lab Expt. 1 report (“Homeostasis”) due TODAY:due TODAY:
a)a) Brief introduction, data and analysis (graphs and explanations), conclusions Brief introduction, data and analysis (graphs and explanations), conclusions
((answer questions from the answer questions from the CaCaññadaada Physiology websitePhysiology website))
b)b) Write as a group (3Write as a group (3--5)!! … Typed! With clearly5)!! … Typed! With clearly--labeled, correct graphs.labeled, correct graphs.
REVIEWREVIEW
1.1. Citing specific examples, compare and contrast Citing specific examples, compare and contrast positive and negative positive and negative
feedback loopsfeedback loops that control reflex pathways.that control reflex pathways.
2.2. Describe and diagram Describe and diagram membrane structuremembrane structure. Explain some functions of at . Explain some functions of at
least least 5 t
y
pes of membrane components5 t
y
pes of membrane components..
TODAY:TODAY: Students should be able to….Students should be able to….
1.1. Compare Compare and contrast the various methods of and contrast the various methods of passive (2) and active (3) passive (2) and active (3)
membrane transportmembrane transport..
22
U i di d t t U i di d t t
h i l (t iit) d l ti l h i l (t iit) d l ti l
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equilibriumequilibrium in cells. What are the uses of disequilibrium?in cells. What are the uses of disequilibrium?
3.3. Define and describe Define and describe resting membrane potentialresting membrane potential. How is it maintained, . How is it maintained,
and why is it important for cell function?and why is it important for cell function?
4.4. Describe and diagram how Describe and diagram how sodium and potassium sodium and potassium permeabilitiespermeabilities are are
altered to establish resting membrane potentials, and to cause altered to establish resting membrane potentials, and to cause
depolarizationsdepolarizations…………
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Download Introduction to Human Physiology - Review Sheet | BIOL 260 and more Lab Reports Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOL 260BIOL 260:: Human PhysiologyHuman Physiology

Spring 2009Spring 2009 W,W, Feb.Feb. 4,4, 2009 2009

Dr. Nathan Staples (Ph.D., UCSB 2002)Dr. Nathan Staples (Ph.D., UCSB 2002)

www.smccd.edu/accounts/staplesn/biol260www.smccd.edu/accounts/staplesn/biol

1.1. Lecture slides will be posted during the previous evening before lecture.Lecture slides will be posted during the previous evening before lecture. Print WISELY if you choose to printPrint WISELY if you choose to print (multiple pages/sheet, double(multiple pages/sheet, double--sided).sided). 2.2. PrePre--LabLab WriteupsWriteups:: Be sure to prepareBe sure to prepare beforebefore eacheach MondayMonday ’s labs (for’s labs (for WHOLE weekWHOLE week –– Mon. & Wed.!)!!Mon. & Wed.!)!!

  • (What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab(What? Why? How? are we doing in the lab????

3.3. ExperimentExperiment 3 Monday: Neurology3 Monday: Neurology –– PhysioExPhysioEx. Work on Rpt. 2.. Work on Rpt. 2.

4.4. Next week’s Labs:Next week’s Labs: PhysioExPhysioEx (#3), and Expt. 2. Also: Quiz #1!!!(#3), and Expt. 2. Also: Quiz #1!!!

  • Practice Quiz posted TODAY onPractice Quiz posted TODAY on WebAccessWebAccess!!!! (( http://smccd.mrooms.nethttp://smccd.mrooms.net// )) 5.5. Lab Expt. 1 report (“Homeostasis”)Lab Expt. 1 report (“Homeostasis”) due TODAY:due TODAY: a)a) Brief introduction, data and analysis (graphs and explanations), conclusionsBrief introduction, data and analysis (graphs and explanations), conclusions (( answer questions from theanswer questions from the CaCaññadaada Physiology websitePhysiology website )) b)b) Write as a group (3Write as a group (3--5)!! … Typed! With clearly5)!! … Typed! With clearly--labeled, correct graphs.labeled, correct graphs.

REVIEWREVIEW

1.1. Citing specific examples, compare and contrastCiting specific examples, compare and contrast positive and negativepositive and negative feedback loopsfeedback loops that control reflex pathways.that control reflex pathways. 2.2. Describe and diagramDescribe and diagram membrane structuremembrane structure. Explain some functions of at. Explain some functions of at leastleast 5 types of membrane components5 types of membrane components..

TODAY:TODAY: Students should be able to….Students should be able to….

1.1. CompareCompare and contrast the various methods ofand contrast the various methods of passive (2) and active (3)passive (2) and active (3) membrane transportmembrane transport .. 22 2.2. Using diagrams, compare and contrast U iU iUsing diagrams, compare and contrast didi dd tt tt chemical (tonicity) and electricalchemical (tonicity) and electricalhh ii l (tl (t i it )i it ) dd ll t it i ll equilibriumequilibrium in cells. What are the uses of disequilibrium?in cells. What are the uses of disequilibrium? 3.3. Define and describeDefine and describe resting membrane potentialresting membrane potential. How is it maintained,. How is it maintained, and why is it important for cell function?and why is it important for cell function? 4.4. Describe and diagram howDescribe and diagram how sodium and potassiumsodium and potassium permeabilitiespermeabilities areare altered to establish resting membrane potentials, and to causealtered to establish resting membrane potentials, and to cause depolarizationsdepolarizations…………

Transporter Proteins:Transporter Proteins:

ChannelsChannels –– Open & GatedOpen & Gated

Figure 5-11: Gating of channel proteins

5.2) Body Fluid5.2) Body Fluid

CompartmentsCompartments

  • IntracellularIntracellular

(ICF)(ICF)

  • ExtracellularExtracellular

(ECF)(ECF)

  • – InterstitialInterstitialInterstitialInterstitial
  • – PlasmaPlasma

Figure 5-13 (2004): Body fluid compartments

  • • Uses transport proteins (Channels or Carriers)Uses transport proteins (Channels or Carriers)
  • • Passive Diffusion to EquilibriumPassive Diffusion to Equilibrium

A. Passive: FacilitatedA. Passive: Facilitated DiffusionDiffusion

Figure 5- 14: Diffusion stops at equilibrium

Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion

Figure 5-15: Diffusion of glucose into cells

  • Uses ATPUses ATP toto

B. Primary Active Transport:B. Primary Active Transport:

Pumps ProductsPumps Products

move productsmove products

  • Up aUp a

concentrationconcentration gradientgradient

  • Low []Low [] ÆÆ high []high []

Figure 5Figure 5--16: The Na16: The Na ++^ - - KK ++^ - -ATPaseATPase

Primary Active Transport:Primary Active Transport: ATPATP--Powered Protein PumpsPowered Protein Pumps

Na+/K+ Pump!!Na+/K+ Pump!!

Figure 5Figure 5--17:17: Mechanism of theMechanism of the NaNa ++^ - - KK ++^ - -ATPaseATPase

  • • Move particlesMove particles
  • • LargeLarge

D. Vesicles in Membrane TransportD. Vesicles in Membrane Transport

LargeLarge

moleculesmolecules

  • PhagosomePhagosome
    • – FFFFusion with usion withii ithith lysosomelysosome
  • • PhagocytesPhagocytes

ENDOCYTOSISENDOCYTOSIS

E. Endocytosis & Exocytosis:E. Endocytosis & Exocytosis:

VacuoleTransportVacuoleTransport

  • ENDOCYTOSISENDOCYTOSIS::
    • PinocytosisPinocytosis : non: non--selective; small particlesselective; small particles
    • PhagocytosisPhagocytosis : non: non--selective; large particlesselective; large particles
    • Receptor mediated EndocytosisReceptor mediated EndocytosisReceptorReceptor mediated Endocytosis mediated Endocytosis : specific: specific:: specific specific

substrate (ligand) onlysubstrate (ligand) only

Endocytosis & Exocytosis:Endocytosis & Exocytosis: Transport & Membrane CyclingTransport & Membrane Cycling

Figure 5Figure 5--24:24: ReceptorReceptor-- mediatedmediated endocytosisendocytosis and exocytosisand exocytosis

11 Cross two membranesCross two membranes

F. Transepithelial andF. Transepithelial and

TranscytosisTranscytosis

1 1. Cross two membranes. Cross two membranes

a)a) ApicalApical

b)b) BasolateralBasolateral

2.2.2.2. AbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorptionAbsorption : lumen to ECF: lumen to ECF: lumen to ECF: lumen to ECF

3.3. SecretionSecretion : ECF to: ECF to

lumen/surfacelumen/surface

  • • About 60% of bodyAbout 60% of body

weight is waterweight is water

Distribution of Water and SolutesDistribution of Water and Solutes in the Body Compartmentsin the Body Compartments

  • 67% water =67% water =

intracellularintracellular

  • 33% water =33% water =

extracellularextracellular

  • 25% = interstitial25% = interstitial%%
  • 8% = plasma8% = plasma
  • • % varies slightly with% varies slightly with

gender and agegender and age Figure 5Figure 5--28: Distribution of volume in the28: Distribution of volume in the body fluid compartmentsbody fluid compartments

1.1. Water freely crossesWater freely crosses

membranesmembranes

2 2 OO titi

5.4)5.4) OsmosisOsmosis & Osmotic& Osmotic

EquilibriumEquilibrium

2 2. Osmotic pressure.Osmotic pressure ((mm Hg, atm)mm Hg, atm)

3.3. OsmolarityOsmolarity

  • – Molarity x # particles inMolarity x # particles in solution/molecule (osm/L)solution/molecule (osm/L)

4.4. OsmolalityOsmolality – – using body wt.using body wt.

  • – MilliMilliMilliMilliosmoles solute/kg water osmoles solute/kg waterll l t /kl t /k tt

5.5. Comparing two solutionsComparing two solutions

a)a) IsosmoticIsosmotic (same)(same) b)b) HyperosmoticHyperosmotic (more)(more) c)c) HyposmoticHyposmotic (less)(less) (^) Figure 5-29: Osmosis and osmotic pressure

  • • Depends onDepends on

osmolarityosmolarity but alsobut also

A.A. TonicityTonicity:: How a CellHow a Cell

ReactsReacts in a Solutionin a Solution

osmolarityosmolarity , but also, but also

permeabilitypermeability of solutesof solutes

  • – = measure of effect on= measure of effect on cell !!!cell !!!
  • Penetrating solutePenetrating solute
  • NonNon--penetrating solutepenetrating solutepp gg
  • IsotonicIsotonic ÆÆ cell samecell same
  • HypertonicHypertonic ÆÆ cell shrivelscell shrivels
  • HypotonicHypotonic ÆÆ cell swellscell swells Figure 5Figure 5--31a, b: Tonicity depends on the relative31a, b: Tonicity depends on the relative concentrations of nonpenetrating solutesconcentrations of nonpenetrating solutes

Tonicity: How a Cell ReactsTonicity: How a Cell Reacts

in a Solutionin a Solution

  • PPPPenetrating solutes can move enetrating solutes can movett titi ll tt and disrupt the chemical /and disrupt the chemical / osmotic equilibrium!!osmotic equilibrium!!

Figure 5-31c, d: Tonicity depends on the relative concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes

1.) Membrane Potentials:1.) Membrane Potentials:

PotassiumPotassium (major contributor!!)(major contributor!!)

Figure 5Figure 5--34: Potassium equilibrium potential34: Potassium equilibrium potential

Membrane Potentials:Membrane Potentials:

PotassiumPotassium

Figure 5-

2.)2.) Membrane PotentialsMembrane Potentials:: SodiumSodium

Figure 5Figure 5--35: Sodium equilibrium potential35: Sodium equilibrium potential

Figure 5-

1.1. Rapid communication for homeostatic balance.Rapid communication for homeostatic balance.

2.2. Emergent properties of intelligence & emotion.Emergent properties of intelligence & emotion.

8.1) Organization of the8.1) Organization of the

Nervous SystemNervous System

3.3. Central Nervous system (CNS)Central Nervous system (CNS)

a)a) BrainBrain b)b) Spinal CordSpinal Cord

4.4. Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

a)a) Afferent (sensory) nervesAfferent (sensory) nerves -- APNSAPNS b)b) Efferent (response) nerves)) Efferent (response) nerves -(( )) - EPNSEPNS 1.1. Autonomic Neurons (visceral system)Autonomic Neurons (visceral system) a)a) SympatheticSympathetic –– “Fight or Flight”“Fight or Flight” b)b) ParasympatheticParasympathetic –– “Rest and Digest”“Rest and Digest”

  • • Both antagonize each other on target organs: smoothBoth antagonize each other on target organs: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands/cells, somemuscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands/cells, some endocrine glands/cells, & some adipose tissueendocrine glands/cells, & some adipose tissue 2.2. Somatic Motor NeuronsSomatic Motor Neurons
  • • Skeletal musclesSkeletal muscles ÆÆ tissue responsestissue responses

Organization of the Nervous SystemOrganization of the Nervous System

CNS:CNS:

PNS:PNS: APNSAPNS

EPNSEPNS

Figure 8-1: Organization of the nervous system

ENS:ENS: