A Introduction to Game Theory
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Introduction to Game Theory - Introduction to Computer Science - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science
Introduction to Game Theory, Brief Introduction, Game Theory, Strategic Games, Extensive Games, Remarkable Increase, Interface of Computer Science, Game Theoretic Ideas, Seminal Paper, Best Strategy are the important points of lecture slides of Introduction to Computer Science.
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2012/2013
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A Introduction to Game Theory
Outline
- 1 st^ a brief introduction of Game theory
- 2 nd^ Strategic games
- 3 rd^ Extensive games
- 1 st^ a brief introduction of Game theory
In the beginning
- Some game-theoretic ideas traced back to the 18-th century.
- Emile Borel (1871~1956) and John von Neumann (1903~1957) began the major development of game theory.
John Nash(1928- )
- Received his Ph.D. from Princeton University with a 28-page thesis on his 22-nd birthday. Invented the notion of Nash equilibrium.
- Wrote a seminal paper on bargain theory.
What is Game Theory?
Game theory is a study of how to mathematically determine the best strategy for given conditions in order to optimize the outcome
Why assume rationality?
- narrow down the range of possibilities
- predictability
Types of Games
- Perfect vs. Imperfect information
- Sequential vs. Simultaneous moves
- Zero vs. non-zero sum
- Cooperative vs. conflict
Two examples
- Prisoner’s Dilemma
- Boxed Pigs
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Cost to press button = 2 units
When button is pressed, food given = 10 units
Boxed Pigs
Decisions, decisions...
Nash Equilibrium
“If there is a set of strategies with the property that no player can benefit by changing her strategy while the other players keep their strategies unchanged, then that set of strategies and the corresponding payoffs constitute the Nash Equilibrium. "