Introduction to Federal Income Tax for Individuals (2023)
Overview of the Federal Income Tax System
The U.S. follows a progressive income tax system, where tax rates increase as income rises.
The federal income tax is collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and funds various
government programs. Your taxable income is what determines how much you owe, after
taking into account deductions, exemptions, and credits.
Key Updates for 2023
● Tax Brackets Adjusted: 2023 sees slight increases to tax brackets, which may affect
how much tax you owe.
● Standard Deduction Increase: The standard deduction for single filers is $13,850 and
for married couples filing jointly it’s $27,700.
● Child Tax Credit: The credit remains in place but with changes in eligibility and
phase-out limits.
● Retirement Contributions: Limits on 401(k) and IRA contributions have increased.
How It Affects You
Your tax obligation is based on:
1. Income: Taxes are assessed on wages, investments, self-employment income, etc.
2. Filing Status: Single, Married, or Head of Household, among others.
3. Taxable Income: This is your total income minus deductions (standard or itemized) and
credits.
Filing Your Taxes
● Prepare Documents: Gather forms like W-2, 1099, and receipts.
● File On Time: The tax deadline for 2023 is typically April 15th.
● Tax Software or Professionals: You can file using software, hire a professional, or file
manually.
● Penalties for Mistakes: File accurately to avoid penalties or delays.
