Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Introduction to Capacitors and
Capacitance
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Introduction to Capacitors and Capacitance: A Comprehensive Guide by B. Allen - Prof. Bret, Study notes of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Explore the fundamentals of capacitors and capacitance in this comprehensive online resource by b. Allen. Learn about capacitors as energy storage devices, their charging mechanism, electric fields, capacitance calculations, factors determining capacitance, capacitors in parallel and series, types of capacitors, and their coding. Understand the concepts of capacitor time constant, dc charging, ac charge and discharge, and phase relationship between capacitor current and voltage.
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Online Resource for ETCH 213
Introduction to Capacitors and
Capacitance
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Capacitor
A device that stores electrical energy in theform of an electric field that exists within adielectric (insulator) between two conductingplates, each of which is connected to a load.This device was originally called a condenser.
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Electrostatic or electric field A force field produced by static electriccharges. Also called a voltage field, it is a fieldor force that exists in space between twodifferent potentials or voltages.Current generates a magnetic field.Voltage generates an electric field.
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Field strength
The strength of a electromagnetic field at agiven point.
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Electric polarization
Electric Polarization – A displacement ofbound charges in a dielectric when placed in anelectric field.Dielectric – Insulating material between two(di) plates in which the electric field exists.
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Unit of Capacitance
Farad (F) –A one farad capacitor stores 6.
×
18
electronsor A 1 F capacitor stores 6.
×
12
electrons
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Factors determining
capacitance
Area of the plates (A)Distance between the plates (d)Dielectric constant (K)
×^
10
×
K
×^
A
d
C =
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Dielectric breakdown and
leakage
Breakdown Voltage – The voltage at whichbreakdown occurs in a dielectric or insulator.Leakage Current – Small, undesirable flow ofcurrent through an insulator or dielectric.
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Capacitors in series
CΤ
C
C
C
C
=^
+^
+^
+^
- …..
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Voltage across a capacitor in
series
V^ X
V^ T
C^ T C^ X
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Coding of capacitors
Alphanumeric labels
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Color coding of capacitors
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Faculty: B. Allen
Time constant
= R
×
C
The time constant is the time needed foreither a voltage or current to rise to 63.2% ofthe maximum or a fall to 36.8% of the initialvalue. The time constant of an RC circuit isequal to the product of R and C.
Online Resource for ETCH 213
Capacitor charging