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Introduction / ion trapping | PHAR - Pharmacology, Quizzes of Pharmacology

Class: PHAR - Pharmacology; Subject: Pharmacology; University: Samuel Merritt College; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 08/02/2013

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TERM 1
Pharmacology
DEFINITION 1
The study of substances that interact with living systems
through chemical processes, especially by binding to
regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body
processesstudy of drug origins and effects on the body
TERM 2
Pharmakon
DEFINITION 2
(Greek word) means drug, spell, charm, incantation
TERM 3
Logos
DEFINITION 3
Greek word) means reason, mind
TERM 4
Pharmacotherapeutic
DEFINITION 4
Use of drugs to treat disease.
TERM 5
Idiopathic
DEFINITION 5
disease without known cause
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pf4
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Pharmacology

The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processesstudy of drug origins and effects on the body TERM 2

Pharmakon

DEFINITION 2 (Greek word) means drug, spell, charm, incantation TERM 3

Logos

DEFINITION 3 Greek word) means reason, mind TERM 4

Pharmacotherapeutic

DEFINITION 4 Use of drugs to treat disease. TERM 5

Idiopathic

DEFINITION 5 disease without known cause

Iatrogenic

A disease caused by a physician or caregiver. In US, 2000 deaths/year. Catheter causes infection, chemotherapy causes hair loss, drug errors etc TERM 7

Idiosyncratic

DEFINITION 7 individual reaction to a drug or treatment. TERM 8

Pharmacokinetics

DEFINITION 8 what body does to the drug TERM 9

pharmacodynamics

DEFINITION 9 what drug does to the body TERM 10

Pharmacopeia

DEFINITION 10 official formulas of drugs. First US Pharmacopeia published in 1906

Ficks Law

The passive flux of drugs down a concentration gradientMolecules/unit time = (C1-C2) Area (permeability coeff) ThicknessC1 = high concentration, C2 = low concentrationThickness is the path length,Lipid:water partition is the major determinant that drives drugs across membranes. TERM 17

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

DEFINITION 17 Ionized, polar drugs are water soluble.Ionized drugs pass through lipid membranes poorly.pH = pKa + log protonated/unprotonatedUncharged drugs a lipid soluble TERM 18

Ion-trapping (drug ionization)

DEFINITION 18 Most drugs are eliminated through the kidney into the urine.Urine can be adjusted in pH to ensure that the drug is water soluble, remains in the urine and is not highly reabsorbed which requires that the drug be lipid soluble.Weak acid drugs, make urine alkaline.Weak basic drugs, make urine acidic TERM 19

Diffusion

DEFINITION 19 Ionized drugs are not lipid soluble (will not pass lipid membranes).Aspirin, pKa = 3.5, at pH 3.5, half the molecule is ionized, half unionized. Increase urine pH to 7 or 8 (iv sodium bicarbonate), drug is fully ionized.Drug is trapped in water (urine) and not reabsorbed in kidney.Methamphetamine pKa = 10, acidify urine to pH 3.0 (Vitmain C po or iv). TERM 20

Changing the pH of urine

DEFINITION 20 Acidifers Ammonium chlorideAscorbic acidAcid phosphates (K-Phos) Alkalinizers Sodium bicarbonatePotassium citrateSodium citrate and citric acid combination

Three Types of Bonds to Receptors

Covalent, aspirin and cyclooxygenase in platelets.Electrostatic, weak binding, most commonHydrophobic, weaker bonds. Weak binding requires a very close fit between a receptor and the drug. This results in greater specificity TERM 22

Drug Shape

DEFINITION 22 Chirality (stereoisomerism), most drugs exist a chiral molecules. A drugs shape must be complimentary to its receptor.Racemic mixture drug exist as both left and right hand drugs which reduces their specificity.