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Intro to Sociology – (2025) Test 1 With
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Chapter 1 : The Sociological Perspective Chapter 2 : The Sociological Investigation Chapter 3 : Culture Chapter 4 : Society sociology ✔️ ✔️ the systematic study of human society sociological perspective ✔️ ✔️ the special point of view of sociology that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people global perspective ✔️ ✔️ the study of the larger world and or society's place in it theory ✔️ ✔️ a statement of how and why specific facts are relate theoretical approach ✔️ ✔️ a basic image of society that guides thinking and research structural-functional approach ✔️ ✔️ a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability social structure ✔️ ✔️ any relatively stable pattern of social behavior social functions ✔️ ✔️ the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole manifest functions ✔️ ✔️ the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
latent functions ✔️ ✔️ the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern social dysfunction ✔️ ✔️ any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society social-conflict approach ✔️ ✔️ a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change macro-level orientation ✔️ ✔️ a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole micro-level orientation ✔️ ✔️ a close-up focus on a social interaction in specific situations symbolic-interaction approach ✔️ ✔️ a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals science ✔️ ✔️ a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation empirical evidence ✔️ ✔️ information we can verify with our senses concept ✔️ ✔️ a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form variable ✔️ ✔️ a concept whose value changes from case to case measurement ✔️ ✔️ a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case operationalize a variable ✔️ ✔️ specifying exactly what is to be measure before assigning a value to a variable reliability ✔️ ✔️ consistency in measurement
participant observations ✔️ ✔️ a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities symbol ✔️ ✔️ anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture language ✔️ ✔️ a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another Sapir-Whorf thesis ✔️ ✔️ the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language values ✔️ ✔️ culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, goo, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living beliefs ✔️ ✔️ specific ideas that people hold to be true norms ✔️ ✔️ rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members mores ✔️ ✔️ norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance folkways ✔️ ✔️ norms for routine or casual interaction social control ✔️ ✔️ attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behavior subculture ✔️ ✔️ cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population counterculture ✔️ ✔️ cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society
multiculturalism ✔️ ✔️ perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions Eurocentrism ✔️ ✔️ the dominance of European(especially English) cultural patterns ethnocentrism ✔️ ✔️ the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture sociocultural evolution ✔️ ✔️ Lenski's term for the changes that occur as a society gains new technology hunting and gathering ✔️ ✔️ making use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food horticulture ✔️ ✔️ the use of hand tools to raise crops pastoralism ✔️ ✔️ the domestication of animals agriculture ✔️ ✔️ large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources industrialism ✔️ ✔️ the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery post industrialism ✔️ ✔️ the production of information using computer technology social conflict ✔️ ✔️ the struggle between segments of society over valued resources
organic solidarity ✔️ ✔️ Durkheim's term for social bonds, based on specialization and interdependence, that are strong among members of industrial societies division of labor ✔️ ✔️ specialized economic activity
