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Law enforcement officials intercepted a call from a wholesale bread manufacturer which included the comment "Okay, I'll let you call your people and I'll call mine, and then at 10 o'clock at 95 cents," in reference to an agreement that, at 10 that morning, both companies would start charging 95 cents for a wholesale loaf of bread. This activity is most likely a type of
A)intellectual property crime. B)cybercrime. C)white-collar crime. D)corporate crime. E)organized crime. ✔️ ✔️ D)corporate crime.
Which of the following statements is true about gestures?
A)Gestures do not send messages on their own. B)Context is unimportant in interpreting gestures. C)Gestures have little meaning because they are nonverbal. D)Gestures are an example of verbal communication. E)The same gesture may have different meanings in different countries. ✔️ ✔️ E)The same gesture may have different meanings in different countries.
It is not uncommon for workplace absenteeism to increase on the Monday after the Super Bowl, especially in the hometowns of the competing teams. This situation represents a(n) of the Super Bowl.
A)latent function
B)intentional function
Max Weber focused on
A)economics as a major factor in explaining society. B)the capitalists, petit bourgeoise, and the proletariat. C)a class system in which conflict between the classes is common. D)social organization and a subjective understanding of behavior. E)capitalism and its impact on workers' social behavior. ✔️ ✔️ D)social organization and a subjective understanding of behavior.
According to Émile Durkheim, is maintained by.
A) cohesiveness; harmony B) social solidarity; the division of labor C)social solidarity; harmony D) the division of labor; cohesiveness E) harmony; social solidarity ✔️ ✔️ B)social solidarity; the division of labor
Harriet Martineau emphasized the importance of
A)using sociological research to strengthen existing social order. B)systematic data collection and objective data analysis. C)overthrowing the patriarchy by co-opting its beliefs. D)letting religious beliefs shape sociological research. E)creating a perfectly and absolutely secular society. ✔️ ✔️ B)systematic data collection and objective data analysis.
Why did Jane Addams win the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) For her support of the temperance movement. B) For the development of Hull House and founding the settlement house movement
C) For creating an international coalition to advance women's rights. D)For her advocacy regarding women's suffrage. E)For her advocacy of negotiating, rather than waging war, to settle disputes ✔️ ✔️ E)For her advocacy of negotiating, rather than waging war, to settle disputes
In , a social scientist tries to grasp the intention and context of a person's behavior.
A)direct observational understanding B)common understanding C)explanatory understanding D)surveillance understanding E)dynamic understanding ✔️ ✔️ C)explanatory understanding
Weber posited that an understanding of society requires a "subjective" understanding of behavior. Such understanding is known as
A)gesellschaft. B)kapitalismus. C)verstehen. D) gemeinschaft. E) entwicklung. ✔️ ✔️ C) verstehen.
According to your text, theories over time because of.
A)become obsolete; their inherently untestable nature B)evolve; cultural and technological changes C)change in fundamental ways; ideological corruption D)are relatively stable; the consistency of society E)remain the same; the use of the scientific method ✔️ ✔️ B)evolve; cultural and technological changes
C) the French Revolution. D)the Enlightenment. E)the Industrial Revolution. ✔️ ✔️ E)the Industrial Revolution.
Durkheim relied on extensive data collection to draw conclusions about the relationship between
A)social integration and suicide. B)social stability and capitalism. C)education and upward mobility. D)socioeconomic status and segregation. E)social disruption and crime. ✔️ ✔️ A)social integration and suicide.
Durkheim maintained that, to be scientific, sociology had to study
A) externalities. B) theoretical correlates. C) societal determinants. D) social facts. E) intervening variables. ✔️ ✔️ D)social facts.
Martineau described American women as being socialized to be
A) feminists. B) aggressive and ambitious. C)subservient and dependent. D)equal partners in marriage. E)career-oriented. ✔️ ✔️ C)subservient and dependent.
Auguste Comte maintained that the study of society must be
A) spiritual.
B) intuitive. C)personal. D)empirical. E)ideological. ✔️ ✔️ D)empirical.
For Marx, is a class system in which conflict between the classes is common and society is anything but cohesive.
A)altruism B)communism C)fascism D)socialism E)capitalism ✔️ ✔️ E)capitalism
One of the common criticisms of the functionalist theory is that it
A) often focuses too much on discrimination and inequality. B) is too focused on social change and often ignores social cohesion. C)is too focused on micro-level factors. D) is so focused on order and stability that it often ignores social change. E) often ignores the contribution of gender in understanding social change. ✔️ ✔️ D)is so focusedon order and stability that it often ignores social change.
A(n) is a set of statements that explains why a phenomenon occurs.
A)construct B)variable C)assertion D)analysis E)theory ✔️ ✔️ E)theory
B) saw sociology as the scientific study of two aspects of society: social statics and social dynamics. C) not only acknowledged the importance of scientific methods to study society but also used them. D) stressed the importance of microsociology. E) stressed the importance of macrosociology. ✔️ ✔️ C)not only acknowledged the importance of scientific methods to study society but also used them.
Postmodern theory analyzes
A)manifest functions, latent functions, and dysfunctions. B)contemporary societies characterized by postindustrialization. C) people's everyday communication of knowledge, ideas, beliefs, and attitudes. D) how and why groups disagree, struggle over power, and compete for scarce resources. E)women's social, economic, and political inequality. ✔️ ✔️ B)contemporary societies characterized by postindustrialization.
Many people purchase an expensive car because it serves as a status symbol. The car's importance as a status symbol is an example of a
A) critical function. B) Dysfunction. C) latent function. D) manifest function. E) basic function. ✔️ ✔️ C) latent function.
Karl Marx saw industrial society as composed of
A)core, semiperipheral, and peripheral cultures. B)sustainers, maintainers, and drainers. C) capitalists, socialists, and communists.
D) capitalists, petit bourgeoisie, and proletariat. E) visionaries, leaders, and workers. ✔️ ✔️ D)capitalists, petit bourgeoisie, and proletariat.
Social statics investigates how while social dynamics investigates.
A)how individuals and societies change over time; the interconnections between institutions B)how principles of social order explain a particular society; the interconnections between institutions C) how individuals and societies change over time; how principles of social order explain a particular society D) how principles of social order explain a particular society; how individuals and societies change over time E) the interconnections between institutions; how principles of social order explain a particular society ✔️ ✔️ D)how principles of social order explain a particular society; how individuals and societies change over time
A researcher who wants to would be well advised to use a longitudinal study design.
A)use a nonprobability sampling method B)study differences between men and women C)focus on correlation rather than causality D) minimize the amount of time needed to collect data E) examine trends in attitudes or behavior ✔️ ✔️ E)examine trends in attitudes or behavior
Jenna is a human resources professional who wants to understand why high-achieving, well- regarded, valued employees resign and go elsewhere. She meets with employees who resign and asks them to share their reasons and how they came to their decisions. Jenna is most likely collecting
A)quantitative data B)content data
A)An evaluation study B)A field study C)An experiment D)Secondary analysis E)A survey ✔️ ✔️ D)Secondary analysis
Shauna, an administrator at a government agency, notices that when people snack on sweets during work meetings, they tend to focus more on the treats and less on the meetings, but the same is not true when fruit or vegetable snacks are provided. She tests her observation by varying the snacks she brings to meetings she is in charge of and finds that she was correct. Shauna relied on
A)comparative reasoning. B)deductive reasoning. C) decisive reasoning. D) inductive reasoning. E) qualitative reasoning. ✔️ ✔️ D)inductive reasoning.
Sociologists and other scientists sometimes focus on demonstration of a correlation because causation
A) is difficult to prove. B) doesn't matter in hypothesis testing. C) is solved through theories rather than research. D)is largely irrelevant to contemporary sociology. E)is too fraught with ethical issues. ✔️ ✔️ A)is difficult to prove.
Which of the following is the most desirable characteristic of a probability sample?
A) A probability sample can be obtained from any population, regardless of how much is or is not known about it. B) A probability sample reduces the problems associated with lack of reliability and validity. C)A probability sample provides such complete coverage of the population that virtually everyone will be included. D)The results of a probability sample can be generalized to the larger population. E)A probability sample guarantees the statistical significance of research outcomes. ✔️ ✔️ D)The results of a probability sample can be generalized to the larger population.
In , one variable can be said to be the direct consequence of another.
A)correlation B)specification C)cohesion D)operationalization E)causation ✔️ ✔️ E)causation
Mischa is interested in how students interact in classes that are conducted entirely online. He decides to measure the enjoyability of interactions by recording how much time the students spend in the "chat rooms" associated with the courses. Mischa finds that students in sociology classes spend more time interacting in chat rooms than do students in political science classes and concludes that students in sociology classes enjoy their interactions more. He subsequently learns, however, that most sociology professors make group assignments that students work on in chat rooms while few political science professors do. This suggests that Mischa's measure has a problem with
A) consistency. B) reliability. C) predictability. D) complexity. E) validity. ✔️ ✔️ E)validity.
C)Closed-ended questions D)Structured questions E)Quantitative questions ✔️ ✔️ B)Open-ended questions
When sociologists discuss how social inequities identified by sociological research contribute to the radicalization of terrorists, they are best described as using sociological research to
A)shape social policies. B)counteract misinformation. C)expose myths. D) be pedantic. E) explain why people behave irrationally. ✔️ ✔️ E)explain why people behave irrationally.
Nonprobability samples are especially useful when sociologists
A)need to give an equal chance of selection to each person in a population. B)attempt to get a representative cross section of a population. C)want to get people's insights on a particular topic before launching a larger study. D)need to generalize the results to a larger population. E)are researching a subject that is sensitive and important, such as medicine. ✔️ ✔️ C)want to get people's insights on a particular topic before launching a larger study.
Donna is interested in the relationship between age and political affiliation. She is collecting data from a large group of people of different ages and will only collect data once. Donna is best described as collecting
A) causal data. B) cross-sectional data. C)dependent data. D) probabilistic data. E) longitudinal data. ✔️ ✔️ B)cross-sectional data.
When sociologists help local law enforcement to identify neighborhoods at risk of increased crime rates, they are using sociological research to
A)explain why people behave irrationally. B)be pedantic. C)counteract misinformation. D)expose myths. E)shape social policies. ✔️ ✔️ E)shape social policies.
A(n) variable is the outcome measure in a research study.
A)specious B)spurious C)independent D)control E)dependent ✔️ ✔️ E)dependent
Kumiko observes that students who use laptops and e-learning tools secure the highest grades. She conducts a research study to determine whether this observation is true. Which of the following types of reasoning does Kumiko use to construct her theory?
A)Qualitative reasoning B)Comparative reasoning C)Decisive reasoning D)Deductive reasoning E)Inductive reasoning ✔️ ✔️ E)Inductive reasoning
Elva is collecting data about poverty rates and graduation rates. Elva is collecting
A) qualitative data.
A(n) sample is one in which each person or thing, like an email address, has an equal chance of being selected because the selection process is random.
A)probability B)nonprobability C)complex D)controlled E)dependent ✔️ ✔️ A)probability
Social science research is most likely to be challenged when
A)it uses multiple data collection methods. B)it uses random sampling. C)it uses quantitative and qualitative methods. D)it focuses on sensitive or controversial issues. E)it uses the highest methodological standards. ✔️ ✔️ D)it focuses on sensitive or controversial issues.
For causation to be demonstrated,
A) holding one variable constant must hold the other constant. B) changes in one variable must be a direct consequence of changes in the other. C)as one variable increases, the other may decrease or increase. D) as one variable increases the other must also increase. E) changes in one variable must be associated with similarly sized changes in the other. ✔️ ✔️ B)changes in one variable must be a direct consequence of changes in the other.
are preferred because the results can be generalized to a larger population.
A) Specialized surveys B) Cross-sectional sample surveys
C) Nonprobability sample surveys D)Random sample surveys E)Class-specific surveys ✔️ ✔️ D)Random sample surveys
is an inquiry process that begins with a theory, prediction, or general principle that is then tested through data collection.
A)Inductive reasoning B)Qualitative reasoning C)Decisive reasoning D)Deductive reasoning E)Comparative reasoning ✔️ ✔️ D)Deductive reasoning
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the ideal culture?
A)It is the belief that one's culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others. B)It includes symbolic interactions between societies. C)It comprises the beliefs, values, and norms that people say they hold or follow. D)It includes coexistence of several cultures in the same geographic area. E)It comprises people's actual everyday behavior. ✔️ ✔️ C)It comprises the beliefs, values, and norms that people say they hold or follow.
Folkways are norms that
A)involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction. B)are codified into law. C)have become irrelevant as the culture developed. D)define what is permissible or illegal. E)form the basis of the most extreme taboos. ✔️ ✔️ A)involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction.
