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Conflict Theory ✔️ ✔️ o Who : Karl Marx o View: Vineyard o Key terms and concepts Haves and have not Exploitation Struggle for scarce resources o Macro Functionalism Theory ✔️ ✔️ o Who : Emile Durkheim o View: Village o Key terms and concepts Parts of society serve function Interdepdant parts Society is likeing living organisums o Macro Symbolic interactions ✔️ ✔️ o Who: George Herbert Mead o View : meadow o Key terms and concepts Day to day interactions Signs symbols and patterns Social meaning arises through process of social interaction o Macro Analysis Level ✔️ ✔️ o Macro level Conflict
Functionalism o Micro level Symbolic Interactions Conflict Theory ✔️ ✔️ o Macro o Struggle for scarce resources o Divorce Application: When men control economic life, the divorce rate is low because women find a few alternatives to a bad marriage. Rising divorce rate is due to a shift in the balance of power. Functionalism ✔️ ✔️ o Macro o The parts of society are interdependent and related o Divorce application : as social change erodes the traditional functions of the family, family ties re weakened and the divorce rate increased o The bonds that kept the family together weakened and the family fell apart Symbolic interaction ✔️ ✔️ o Micro o Face-Face interaction how people use symbols to create social life o Divorce Application: industrialization and urbanization change marital roles and lead to redefinition of love, marriage, children, and divorce. o Redefined these concepts What is sociology? ✔️ ✔️ o The study of human behavior in society o The scientific way of thinking about society and its influences on human groups o Views human behavior in societal context which reveals the underlying basis for many social issues, problems , and current events What is sociology terms ✔️ ✔️ o Haves and have not/statuses o Diversity and ethnicity issues o Deviant behavior/ crime
We can also study the social world using the same experiments and tools We study in society in the same manner as either sciences 13 of textbook - positivism
- Observation
- Comparison
- Experimentation
- Historical method Solutions to social problems In Europe From France - 1850 When he was born he was born with a large head Genius Starts a rebellion Does not relate to people or professors Wife was a prostitute
- Abusive Always in and out of jobs Depressed/Anger Thrown into the insane asylum Eventually got out and released thanks to the wife Wife divorces him Found a other person and fell in love with her He was a stalker New religion Sealed envelope
- Expose of his wife prostitution
- Even in his grave Father of sociology Herpert Spencer ✔️ ✔️ o Died 1903 o Contemporary rockstar
o Animals who are sick, diseased ,or handicapped they are eaten by the other animals o "Survival of the fittest" The rich came to hear him speak Its unethical o Functionalist perspective - it doesn't work for the entire system o Proletariat would overthrow the bougrise War/peace affiliation ✔️ ✔️ War , fewer suicides - society comes together Rape ✔️ ✔️ • 1 out of 3 American women will be sexually assaulted in her life time
- The U.S has the highest rape rate of the countries that publish such statistics
- 83% of rape cases are ages 24 and under o We blame the victim
- False images of media
- Competition Wealth/class affiliation ✔️ ✔️ • Not connected not plugged in = more suicide Overconsumption ✔️ ✔️ o Benefits its problemso Economical is positive o Jeopardize the future of children and children of children o United states a little less of the 5% of the world but we utilize 25% of the resources of the world o Produce 25% of the green house gas o Gain status o In reality it does not give us happiness o Spending more than 50% and 90% more than Europeans o 4.5 pounds of waste everyday Globalization ✔️ ✔️ refers to the interconnecteness amoung people around the world
Statistics for U.S consumptions ✔️ ✔️ 25% of consumptions but we 5% of the population Chat room ✔️ ✔️ social norms have risen from cyber chating and dubbed cyber civilty and netiquette Birth of Sociology ✔️ ✔️ France - Great Britain - Germany and then united states Positivism ✔️ ✔️ The Use of obesrvatoin comparison, experimentaiton, and the historical method to anaylyze society Social Structure ✔️ ✔️ focuses on social structure or the relatively stable elements found in every society Social Dynamics ✔️ ✔️ which focuses on social change Harriet Martineau ✔️ ✔️ introduced sociology to england contribution to society (Society in America) sociological treatises on American social life and compared the system of social stratification in Europe to that in America --also condensed Comte's book Positive Philosphy into Herbert Spencer* ✔️ ✔️ "Survival of the fittest" observed the negative aspects of the Inudstrial Revolution Contemporary rockstar Functionalist perspective - it doesn't work for the entire system Proletariat will over throw the bourgeoisie Emergence of the middle class Karl Marx * ✔️ ✔️ consisted of have and have nots
Bourgeoise (haves)were not the fittest they took advantage of proletariat (have nots) Emile Durkheim * ✔️ ✔️ Social Order Social Solidarity , social bonds developed by individuals to their society Mechanical Solidarity - type found in rural areas based on traditions and unitity , existed prior to the industrial,based on rural societies,social intergration Organic Solidarity - found in urban societies and was based on complex division of labor , loose bonds, we don't know our neighbors --contribution study of suicide Max Weber* ✔️ ✔️ Verstehen- empathetic and introspective analyis of the interaction avoid personal biasis and put themselves in the place of thoese they study to understand better how they experience the world and societys impact on them He blends the macro and micro bridges the gap Micro- Verstehen, Understand , very important to understand individuals in groups Macro - Ideal type, typology, Ideal Type ✔️ ✔️ Max Weber a conceptual model or typology contructed from the direct obersvatoin of a number of specfic cases and represnting the essential qualites found in those cases Leston Ward ✔️ ✔️ First systematic american sociologist differentiated between
- Pure sociology , the study of society in an effort to understand and explain the natural law that govern its evolution
- Applied sociology, which uses sociologicla principles, social ideas, and ethical considerations to improve society Jane Addams ✔️ ✔️ Hull House
Definition of the situation ✔️ ✔️ if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences people define social reality through a process of give and take interaction Looking Glass Self ✔️ ✔️ individuals self concept is largely a reflection of how he or she is percieved by other members of society Dramaturgical analysis ✔️ ✔️ uses the analogy of the theater to anaylze social behavior --impression management , to communicate favorable impressions of themselves Labeling Approach ✔️ ✔️ contends that people attach varios labels to certain behaviors individuals and groups that becone part of their social idneity and shape other attitudesabout andrepsones to them Structural Functionalist Perspective ✔️ ✔️ shifted the focus of sociology from the study of day to day social interaction to macrolevel analyis views society as a system of interdepdent parts andinterrelated parts Macrolevel analysis ✔️ ✔️ Examines broader social structures and society as a whole Basic social insititions ✔️ ✔️ family,religion,education,politcs,and the economy Manifest functions ✔️ ✔️ anticipated or intended consequences of social insitiutions Latent functions ✔️ ✔️ unintended or unrecgonized conseques of social institutions Dysfunctions ✔️ ✔️ from a functionalist perspective they threaten to disrupt social stablilty and order
Conflict Perspective ✔️ ✔️ views society as composed of diverse groups with confliciting values and interests Roots- Karl Marx Based on economics, and are based on social class, and the struggle between the different vlaues and itnerst of the bourgeoise and the proletariat Feminst Theory ✔️ ✔️ Studies analyzes and explains social phenomena from a gender focused perspective Neoconflict approach ✔️ ✔️ conflict nessitaes neotiation and comrpose hence it can produce order and reaffirmation of the social structure C.Wright Mills "power elite" ✔️ ✔️ conflict perspective to promote distibution of power and authority in the U.S post WWII the U.S was dominated by powerful military , industrial, and politcal elite that shaped foreign and domestic polict for the benefit of the wealthy and powerful class Fuctionalist View of the Media ✔️ ✔️ the media perform a host of social function , first and foremost the dissmination of information and ideas and the provison of instant communication Ex. times of crisis, war, natural disasters Dysfunctional consequences , stererotypes, discourage physical activity, misinform people Social conflict and media ✔️ ✔️ mass media , tools of power that help maintain the status quo , cultivate consumers, disseminate information Symbolic interactions and the media ✔️ ✔️ quickest and most effective of defining methods of defining the status quo Glocalization ✔️ ✔️ Inderdependence of the global and the local resulting in standardized values producing unique outcomes in different geographic areas and cultural settings
The educational insitiution is no less important in postindustrial society , education becomes a life long process as ideas rapidly become obsolete and new form of knowledge must be learned Media becomes the central institution affecting all other institutions Culture ✔️ ✔️ is the learned set of beliefs values norms and material good shared by group members learned set of values and beliefs and material cultures shared by members of coeity Material Culture ✔️ ✔️ artifacts, art, architecture, and other tangible goods that people create and assign meanings Nonmaterial culture ✔️ ✔️ mental blueprints that serve as guidelines for group behavior collective assumptions , languages, beliefs, values,norms , and attitudes of groups Portestant Ethic* ✔️ ✔️ thrift, hard work , individuality, and saves Theory of evolution ✔️ ✔️ the environment or nature selects those traits that are advantageous and reject those that are not Symbol ✔️ ✔️ anything to which group members assign meaning Language ✔️ ✔️ complex system of symbols with conventional meanings that people use for communication without language there would be no culture , it enables groups to store meanings, communicate with one another, and transmit knowledge between generations. Beliefs ✔️ ✔️ are assersations about the nature of reality Values ✔️ ✔️ shared ideas which is socially desirable
U.S core values ✔️ ✔️ Individualism and freedom - self reliance, individualism and the freedom to achieve whatever goalsl we may set Equality Achievement Efficiency and Practicality Progress and technology material comfort and consumerism work and leisure Norms ✔️ ✔️ are expectations and rules for proper conduct that guide the behavior of group members Folkways ✔️ ✔️ informal rules and expectations that guide peoples everyday behavior Mores ✔️ ✔️ Salient norms that people consider essential to the proper working of society Laws ✔️ ✔️ formal rules enacted and enforced by the power of the state which apply to members of society Taboos ✔️ ✔️ Prohibitions against behaviors Sanctions ✔️ ✔️ Penalties or rewards society uses to encourage conformity and punish deviance Culture shock ✔️ ✔️ feelings of confusion and disorientation that occur when a person encounters a very different culture Ethnocentrism ✔️ ✔️ tendency to evaluate the customs of others groups according to one own cultural standards
Cultural lag ✔️ ✔️ inconsistencies in a cultural system especially in the relationship between technology and non material culture Cultural ecological approach ✔️ ✔️ examines the relationship between a culture and its total environment Society,Culture, and functionalism ✔️ ✔️ cultural ecological approach Society,culture from the conflict perspective ✔️ ✔️ the values,beliefs,and traditions of a nation of society are not necessarily a product of consensus and "social need" as some functionalists claim Cultural hegemony ✔️ ✔️ domination of cultural industries by elite groups Symbolic Interaction ism, society, and culture ✔️ ✔️ focuses on how individuals and groups use symbols to define and interpret reality that people everywhere live in symbolic that are created about reproduced by diverse social groups John Calvin ✔️ ✔️ Influenced the values of Americans Poor Protestant work ethic Out of luck Indication you weren't elected to go to heaven A humble life
- Standard of knowing whether your going to heaven or hell reformation Martin luther
5 points of Calvinism ✔️ ✔️ • Rationalization Move illogical
- Church main source of answers to life
- Industrial revolution comes along and things move to a scientific way of life
- Based on efficiency and praticallity
