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Intro to Psych -- Human Memory | PSYC - Psychology, Quizzes of Psychology

Chapter Seven Class: PSYC - Psychology; Subject: Psychology; University: Bard College; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 04/20/2010

sheholden
sheholden 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Sensory Memory
DEFINITION 1
Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief
time, usually only a fraction of a second. Its main encoding
format is a copy of the input.
TERM 2
Short-Term Memory (STM)
DEFINITION 2
A limited-capacity sotre that can maintain unrehearsed
information for about 10-20 seconds. Largely phonemic
TERM 3
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
DEFINITION 3
Unlimited capacity store that can hold information over
lengthy periods of time. Largely semantic.
TERM 4
Ellen cant recall the reasons for the Webster-
Ashburton Treaty because she was
daydreaming when it was discussed in history
class.
DEFINITION 4
Ineffective encoding -- Not really learning the information in
the first place, "pseduforgetting".
TERM 5
Rufus hates his job at Taco Heaven and is
always forgetting when he is scheduled to
work.
DEFINITION 5
Motivated forgetting -- Like repression, keeping distressing
thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.
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Sensory Memory

Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief

time, usually only a fraction of a second. Its main encoding

format is a copy of the input.

TERM 2

Short-Term Memory (STM)

DEFINITION 2

A limited-capacity sotre that can maintain unrehearsed

information for about 10-20 seconds. Largely phonemic

TERM 3

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

DEFINITION 3

Unlimited capacity store that can hold information over

lengthy periods of time. Largely semantic.

TERM 4

Ellen cant recall the reasons for the Webster-

Ashburton Treaty because she was

daydreaming when it was discussed in history

class.

DEFINITION 4

Ineffective encoding -- Not really learning the information in

the first place, "pseduforgetting".

TERM 5

Rufus hates his job at Taco Heaven and is

always forgetting when he is scheduled to

work.

DEFINITION 5

Motivated forgetting -- Like repression, keeping distressing

thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.

Rays new assistant in the shipping

department is named Jason Timberlake. Ray

keeps calling him Justin.

Proactive inference -- Previously learned information

interferes with the retention of new information. PRO active,

PRE vious.

TERM 7

Tania studied history on Sunday morning and

sociology on Sunday evening. Its Monday and

shes struggling with her history test because

she keeps mixing up prominent historians

with influential sociologists

DEFINITION 7

Retroactive interference -- New information impairs the

retention of previously learned information.

TERM 8

Declarative Memory

DEFINITION 8

Memory for factual information

TERM 9

Long-term Memory (LTM)

DEFINITION 9

An unlimited capacity store that can hold information over

lengthy periods of time.

TERM 10

Sensory Memory

DEFINITION 10

The preservation of information in its original sensory form

for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second.

Levels of Processing from Low to High

Structural, Phonemic, Semantic

TERM 17

Four Modules of STM/Working

Memory

DEFINITION 17

1. The phonological loop 2. Visiospatial sketchpad 3. Central

executive 4. Episodic buffer

TERM 18

Schema

DEFINITION 18

Organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or

event

TERM 19

Parallel distributed processing (PDP)

DEFINITION 19

Specific memories correspond to particular patterns of

activation in connectionist networks.

TERM 20

Source-Monitoring

DEFINITION 20

Making attributions about the origins of memories. EX: Did I

read that in Rolling Stone or The New York Times?

Reality-Monitoring

The process of deciding whether memories are based on

external sources (ones perceptions of actual events) or

internal sources (ones thoughts and imaginations).

TERM 22

Decay Theory

DEFINITION 22

Forgetting occurs spontaneously with the passage of time.

TERM 23

Inference Theory

DEFINITION 23

People forget information because of competition from other

material.

TERM 24

Memory Traces

DEFINITION 24

Consist of localized neural circuits that undergo long-term

potentiation

TERM 25

Hippocampus

DEFINITION 25

Crucial to the consolidation of memories (along with adjacent

structures in the medial temporal lobe)

The Hindsight Bias

The tendency to mold one's interpretation of the past to fit

how events actually turned out.

TERM 32

Dorothy memorized her shopping list. When

she got to the store, however, she found she

had forgotten many items in the middle of the

list.

DEFINITION 32

The serial-position effect.

TERM 33

Overlearning

DEFINITION 33

Refers to continued rehearsal of material after the point of

apparent mastery. It promotes improved recall.