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Interpersonal
Communication
A Quick Look at Theory…
Theory of Interpersonal Needs
Schutz, W.C. (2005).The postulate of
interpersonal needs: Description In Sinterpersonal needs: Description. In S.
Friedley, (Ed.).Foundations of
interpersonal communication: A reader.
(pp. 3 – 25). Reno, NV: Bent Tree Press.
Schultz. (1991). FIRO theory of needs. In
W C Griffin (Ed )W.C. Griffin, (Ed.).A first look atA first look at
communication theory. Retrieved January
22, 2007, from
http://www.afirstlook.com/archive/firo.pdf)
Will Schutz
Theory of Interpersonal Needs
- Inclusion
- Control
- Openness/Affection
FIRO-B Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (Behavior) questionnaire
Inclusion
Forming new relations belongingForming new relations, belonging, participating, and being visible
Reaching out to others to welcome them and to give them prominencethem and to give them prominence
Expressed Behavior (E) – what a person
These behaviors may be
Expressed Behavior (E) – what a person
prefers to do, and how much that person
wants to initiate action
Wanted Behavior (W) – how much a person
wants others to initiate action, and how much,
that person wants to be the recipient
Prepare & Present
11. EExplore IC theories l IC th i
2. Prepare a handout outlining
one theory and ways to
understand it better
3. Offer additional resources
Theories for Relationships
SOCIETY RELATIONSHIP
- Symbolic interaction PROCESSES SOCIAL COMMUNITIES
- Standpoint theory
- Attachment theory INDIVIDUALS S i l iti
PROCESSES
- Systems theory
- Social exchange theory
- Dialectical theory
- Turning points
- Social cognition
Wood, Ch 2
SOCIETY Symbolic interactionism
The ability to communicate with words is the essence of being human.of being human. We make sense of the world through a system of mental blueprints (schemata) that we create in our minds. How do we attach labels to people and their actions, especially our own?
- Meaning
- Language
- Thought (minding)
George Herbert Mead Mind, Self and Society
Attachment Theory
John Bowlby
http://www.web-research-design.net/cgi-bin/crq/crq.pl
INDIVIDUALS Social cognition
- • Direct definitionDirect definition
- Reflected appraisals
- Identity scripts
- Prototypes
George Kelly
- Personal constructs
- Stereotypes
Only things for which we have a construct are meaningful to us.
- We can perceive only those things for i l h hi f which we have a personal construct.
- We understand people better when their construct system is similar to oursours.
RELATIONSHIP PROCESSES
Systems theory
- Interdependencep
- Wholeness
- John Gottman’s research on predicting marital success
- Ross Stolzenberg’s research on wife’s work scheduleh d l “It's not so much what you do that matters, but how much you do. Up to 40 hours a week, there are no negative effects on a husband's health. But the effects are substantial after 40 hours, say, more than 50 hours a week.”
Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson (1967) Interactional View
- One cannot not communicate.
- Communication = Content + relationship
- The nature of a relationship depends on how both parties punctuate the communication sequence
- Communication relationships are either symmetrical or complementary.t i l l t
Social exchange theory
Rewards – Cost =
Worth/Outcome of Relationship
Comparison level (ofComparison level (of
alternatives) Thibaut and Kelley
Would you like to play a game?
ThiThi s is Prisoner’s Dilemma,i P i ’ Dil
http://www.princeton.edu/~mdaniels/PD/PD.html
Turning Points Theory
What events are related to positive or negative change in relationships?relationships?
Dyadic – reasons rooted in interaction Having a fight Having sex Getting engaged Individual - rooted in personal belief systems/ideal We’re too young to marry He’s not ambitious enough Network – attributed to interactions with third parties Parents approve Friends hate him Circumstantial – reasons that the parties had no control over the event Job relocation Natural disaster p. 135
Choose your theory!
SOCIETY RELATIONSHIP
- Symbolic interaction PROCESSES SOCIAL COMMUNITIES
- Standpoint theory
- Attachment theory INDIVIDUALS S i l iti
PROCESSES
- Systems theory
- Social exchange theory
- Dialectical theory
- Turning points
- Social cognition
Wood, Ch 2
8 groups, xxx to each group…
Prepare & Present 9/
11. EExplore one of our IC theories l f IC th i
2. Prepare a handout outlining
one theory and ways to
understand it better
3. Submit an annotated resource
biblibibliography of at least ten h f t l t t
sources.
Next week…
We’ll look at ways to research these ththeories, and more… i d
Read Dr. Chen’s article on communication in intercultural relationshipsrelationships
Take a look at the handout on relationships
